唐詩桂意象的承襲與開展－以唐代詠桂詩作為考察範圍

The Inheritance and Development of the Osmanthus Image in Tang Poetry-Based on Osmanthus Poems in Tang Dynasty

廖浿晴(Pei-Cing Liao)

《應華學報》 1期 (2006/12) Pp. 125-164

https://doi.org/10.6391/JAC.200612.0125

摘要

自淮南小山《招隱士》中將桂意象和隱士形象聯結之後，桂意象逐漸呈現出人格化方面的意義。漢魏六朝以後，詩文中的桂意象除了成為文人對隱逸生活的精神追尋、人格的肯定以及人生態度的表達之外，六朝詩人亦藉詠花以自況，往往在詠桂詩中寄託了作者對自身遭遇的感嘆、懷才不遇的哀傷。而唐代可說是桂意象的成熟期，唐代的詠桂詩中，詩人並非僅止於再現桂花的外在形態，更力求傳神地寫出桂花的神韻。在桂意象的描寫與塑造上，唐代詩人寫幽隱的桂樹，即是寫幽居深山懷才不遇的自己；寫桂樹的傲岸不屈與忠貞丹心，即是寫詩人自身不向俗世折腰的風格與赤誠懷抱。而唐代詩人除了將桂當作是宦途失意的寄託與安慰，桂也成為文人渴望出仕的企盼，盼望成為得意東堂的一枝桂，這是唐代開展的新面向。失意求隱的文人，以桂為同病相憐的友伴；而渴求出仕者，則以蟾宮折桂為榮耀與目標。桂意象矛盾的兩種面向，呈現出文人在自我實現與現實困境上的心理投射。

關鍵字

桂 ； 桂意象 ； 詠桂詩 ； 唐代

並列摘要

Since the image of Osmanthus was connected with the figure of hermits after Huai Nan Siao Shan's ”Summons for a Recluse”, the image of Osmanthus gradually epitomized the concept of personality. After Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the Osmanthus image in poetry represented scholars' spiritual pursuit of a secluded life, an approval of their moral integrity and interpretation of their attitudes in life. Moreover, the poets of the Six Dynasties figured themselves in the Osmanthus poetry where they mourned and expressed their disappointment about being talented but unappreciated. It was in the Tang Dynasty that the image of Osmanthus matured. Instead of merely reconstructing the appearance of Osmanthus, Tang poets strove to portray vividly their frame of mind in Osmanthus poems. A secluded Osmanthus tree stood for the unvalued poet who lived in obscurity. The images of tenacity and loyalty of a proud Osmanthus mirrored the author's enthusiastic ambition not to be subservient to reality. Writing about Osmanthus offered Tang poets comfort when they were frustrated in their official career and aroused at the same time hope of success to serve in the government as scholars. This was a new development initiated in the Tang Dynasty. Osmanthus accompanied frustrated scholars, who wished to isolate themselves from society, as their fellows suffering from a similar situation. To scholars seeking for official careers, Osmanthus symbolized their ultimate desire to serve in the government. These two contradictory images of Osmanthus reveal the scholars' psychological reflection in self-realization and their realistic dilemma.

並列關鍵字

Osmanthus ； Osmanthus image ； Osmanthus poetry ； tang Dyhasty