從歐陽修詩中的禽鳥書寫看其凡俗與超越

Exploring Ouyang Xiu's Mundane Transcendence in His Written on Birds in Poetry

呂梅(Lyu Mei)

《應華學報》 22期 (2020/06) Pp. 155-192

https://doi.org/10.6391/JAC.202006_(22).0005

摘要

「凡俗中的超越」是加拿大學者柯霖先生提出的歐陽修中晚年詩的特點。「凡俗」指歐詩内容中時常涉及的「日常化書寫」；「超越」則指歐詩借助高超的藝術技巧呈現的諧趣與愉悦。此觀點承自日本學者吉川幸次郎，大陸學者朱剛、劉寧等亦有闡發。但學者們未及梳理「日常化」何以成爲一個一再被關照且言及的詩歌史議題，而正是在此意義上，我們得以更好地窺見歐詩的意義，也更好地見出唐宋詩之别。禽鳥書寫給了我們對歐公日常化書寫作以文本分析的一個切入角度。舉凡天暖春睡、獨居遣玩、友朋小酌、同儕酬贈、山水遊觀、感物歎逝、山城清居，歐詩書寫的北宋士大夫生活的諸側面，均有禽鳥影跡。禽鳥指向生活的日常。而超越性則顯現在形式的藝術技法與思想的精神内蘊上。顯物之「賦筆」與多樣之描寫的表達技巧，讓歐詩在部分詩中顯出如其讚賞的梅堯臣詩一樣的「詠物無隱情」的特質，因對物的形態盡現，這些詩得以區别於「遺貌取神」的多數宋詠物詩。禽鳥所關聯的日常，因有歐公之審美意識與凡景悦納、理性關照與遣玩諧趣、儒者内心與責任意識，而富精神内蘊的超越性。

關鍵字

歐陽修 ； 禽鳥 ； 凡俗 ； 超越

並列摘要

Mundane Transcendence is the characteristic of ouyang xiu's poetry in his middle and late years proposed by the Canadian scholar Colin Hawes. Mundane refers to the daily life written in Ouyang's poems. Transcendence refers to the humor and pleasure presented by Ouyang with superb artistic skills. This view is derived from Japanese scholar kojiro yoshikawa and mainland scholars further illustrated on this issue. However, scholars have not sorted out why the daily routine has become an important topic in the history of poetry, and it is in this sense that we can better understand the meaning of Ouyang's poetry, and also better understand the differences between tang and song poetry. Birds written gave us a perspective to analysis Ouyang's text on mundane for birds could be found in almost every where in his expression about daily life. The transcendence is shown in the form of artistic techniques and the spirit of thought.

並列關鍵字

OuyangXiu ； poetry ； birds ； mundane ； transcendence