歷史時期東亞地區跨海交流的港口網路與移民－以唐朝山東半島的新羅人口為中心

東亞地區作為陸海同構地區，歷史時期跨海交流活動與人口流動的密度，往往遠遠超出人們的已有認知和想像。唐朝本土與黃海對岸新羅國之間的跨海交流及其形成的新羅人口在唐朝本土僑居的數量與分佈，就很能說明問題。當時的新羅僑民的分佈地區，以山東半島最為集中。研究復原山東半島沿海各個港口及其新羅僑居人口的狀況，可以形成不同於以往的新的認識：一、以往學界多認為唐朝本土與新羅國之間的主要海上通道是《新唐書》所記“登州海行入高麗渤海道”，其實當時的“登州”是指登州所轄區域，而不僅僅是今人所理解的登州治所的“登州港”；二、當時在山東半島上僑居的新羅人口，不僅僅分佈在登州所轄區域，在整個山東半島沿海區域幾乎都有分佈；三、當時的新羅僑民人口的分佈密度及其數量，遠遠超過學界以往的已有認識。

關鍵字

東亞文化圈；跨海交流；山東半島；新羅僑民

並列摘要

In the East-Asia land-and-sea area, the magnitude of interaction through a network of maritime routes was much higher than what was academically known before. The seaports along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and the distribution of Silla people in this area during the Tang Dynasty is a clear and vivid demonstration of the maritime web of interaction between the Tang Dynasty hub and its affiliated nations around the Yellow Sea. Through this case study, three points of historical understanding should be modified. First, the name ”Dengzhou Port(s)” did not indicate one single port in the located city of Dengzhou Fu (Prefecture), but actually the many seaports in Shandong Peninsula for the maritime routes between Tang and Silla. Second, the Silla immigrants were distributed not only in the Dengzhou (Prefecture) area, but also in almost all coastal areas of Shandong Peninsula including Laizhou Fu and Mizhou Fu. Third, the number and density of Silla immigrants was much greater than what is acknowledged based on prior studies.