治倭思維的轉變－論《籌海重編》著作的意義

Changing Mindset of dealing with the Wuo-Discussing the meaning of Chou Hai Chong Bian

楊正顯(Yang, Cheng-Hsien)

《海洋文化學刊》 21期 (2016/12) Pp. 87-118

摘要

本文採用文獻學的方法，對勘嘉靖時期鄭若曾《籌海圖編》與萬曆時期鄧鐘《籌海重編》二書的內容，發現兩者由於編纂者出身的不同，致使從《圖編》「醫方」的性質轉變為《重編》的軍事「準則」。而分析鄧鐘刪減與添加《圖編》的文字內容，顯示出過去「禦之於海」或「禦之於陸」的爭論，至此轉為強調海上作戰的重要性，表現在如何規劃與準備海上作戰及因應各海防地區之差異而引伸出戰法的異同。由於對海上作戰的信心大增，故在對日朝貢貿易與否的問題上，也持強硬而沒有商量的態度，直接影響到萬曆時期日本入侵朝鮮問題的思考與作法。這表明《重編》一書的內容，標誌著明朝治倭思維的轉變。

關鍵字

治倭思維 ； 《籌海圖編》 ； 鄭若曾 ； 《籌海重編》 ； 鄧鐘

並列摘要

This paper is part of the report for the integrated research project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, namely, ＂The Digital Humanities Research on the Maritime Management and Narratives in the Ming Dynasty: Sea Battling Poems＂ (104-2420-H-019-004). In compiling this work, 142 exemplary Ming poems were selected from the Database of Chinese Classic Ancient Books using keywords, including Japanese, pirates, Mongolia, battle, garrison and warning. The poems were further categorized and analyzed into three eras (Early Ming: Hongwu to Zhengde, 1368 - 1521; Mid-Ming: Jiajing 1521-1566 and Later Ming: LongQing to Chongzhen, 1566-1644), which were studied according to the respective outlook of their narratives. The characteristics of the texts selected and the reasoning behind each occurrence reflects the actual dynamic and conditions of the wokou (Japanese pirate) raids at the time. These works serve as reference documentation for three related projects. The paper also found that the sea battle accounts of poet-chroniclers in the mid-Ming used the unique perspective of both the warrior and the general people. But the sea battling poets of the Early Ming and Later Ming chiefly focused on battles from the warrior's perspective. These works profile the Jiajing wokou raids which incurred the greatest calamity to civilians. These verses bring a heart-wrenching dimension to the annals of sea battles.

並列關鍵字

Mindset of dealing with the Wuo ； Chou hai Tu Bian ； Zheng Ruozeng ； Chou hai Chong bian ； Deng Zhong

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