試論大法官繼受外國法之特色與挑戰：影響繼受結果“質”的幾個關鍵

就現階段情況言，大法官繼受、援用外國法以解決我國問題之情形，係屬常見，然卻不乏被學界以爲係屬誤解或誤用外國憲法學情形之發生。面對此一大法官繼受外國法的品質遭受質疑的情況，吾人實有必要理解，大法官繼受外國憲法學之進程中，到底面臨何種困難。對此，本文先以釋字第三八四號解釋以及釋字第四四五號解釋爲例，分從繼受方法，繼受標的以及繼受結果三方面，先說明大法官繼受外國法之特色；之後，本文分從六點闡述大法官繼受外國法所遭遇之挑戰。他們分別是：現階段國內學界對於繼受法相關問題之研究，尚有所不足；外國學界有關繼受之討論無法直接爲我國有所助益；與憲法學有關之理論必須繼受，但卻不易爲之；就憲法理論本身言，不易正確理解；憲法學相關理論，亦不易作妥適取捨；最後，其他偶然因素，亦會影響繼受之結果。

關鍵字

法律繼受；司法院大法官；憲法解釋；司法違憲審查；基本權利；權力分立；權利清單；比較法；國際人權公約

並列摘要

Transplanting foreign constitutional jurisprudence to solve domestic problems is a common phenomenon in Taiwan. However, many cases rendered by the Grand Justices of the Judicial Yuan have been severely criticized by scholars. Using and analyzing two famous Grand Justices' decisions as examples, this paper evinces various characteristics, challenges and difficulties of appropriating foreign constitutional jurisprudence in Taiwan. Six major challenges of transplanting foreign constitutional jurisprudence are in Taiwan now. First of all, the subject of legal transplant is a relatively neglected field in the local legal circles. Second, the studies of legal transplant in major western countries are not very helpful for the Grand Justices. Third, the political or social theories related to constitutional law are very difficult to be borrowed. Fourth, it is almost: impossible to understand foreign constitutional jurisprudence without mistakes. Fifth, it is very tough to decide which part of foreign constitutional jurisprudence should be appropriated. Lastly, many other accidental factors will also exert influence on the outcomes of legal transplant, such as the quality of law clerks. Therefore, it is no wonder that there are so many problems in the process of transplanting foreign constitutional jurisprudence to Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Legal Transplant ； Grand Justices of Judicial Yuan ； Judicial Constitutional Review ； Fundamental Rights ； Separation of Power ； Bill of Rights ； Comparative Law ； International Human Rights Convention