公平交易法對油品市場之規範

石油爲重要貿易與民生物資，我國自七十六年開放民營加油站以來,逐步開始推動油品自由化，直至九十年底石油管理法三讀通過，油品市場正式進入自由化的新紀元，石油管理法引進了自由競爭的理念，並將產業細分化而給予不同之管制，油品市場亦面臨結構性之轉變，不論供油端、通路端，或從供油端到通路端，不論處於水平競爭關係、垂直交易關係，油品市場處處充滿了競爭的誘因和商機，因此公平的遊戲規則是主管機關所應積極確立的。公平交易法自實施以來，曾歷經處理了繁複的油品自由化問題，致力於防止業者之各種限制競爭或不公平競行爲，而油品市場也主要的競爭議題包括了與契約條件有關者，例如富有爭議之供油契約、連鎖加盟契約、共同設立加油站契約、合資契約、聯合購油契約、及獨家交易契約；與價格行爲有關者，包括富有爭議之聯合調價行爲、限制轉售價格行爲、不正當利誘行爲、虛僞標示價格行爲、濫用市場地位不當訂價行爲、欺罔行爲；與贈品促鎖有關者，包括不實贈品廣告、超額贈品贈獎、與市場失靈有關之顯失公平促銷行爲；與油品標示、表徵有關者，包括仿冒他人商標、不實商品標示、欺行爲；由於航空燃料油市場具有地域上及管理上之特殊性，與一般車用汽柴油市場不同，可認爲獨立之類型，與其有關之議題包括阻礙他事業參與競爭、差別待遇行爲、關鍵設施之利用；上述油品市場競爭議題在執法層面上則共通面臨，公平交易委員會之行政裁罰依據是否妥當之檢視。

關鍵字

油品自由化；油品市場；石油管理法；公平交易法；限制競爭；不公平競爭；中油；台塑；加油站；德國營業競爭限制防止法；德國不正競爭防止法

並列摘要

Petroleum is an essential material for trade and living. Since 1987, liberalization of petroleum products has been gradually promoted. Until, October 2001, as the Petroleum Administration Law was promulgated, liberalization of Taiwan petroleum market had formally entered a new era. The Petroleum Administration Law introduced the ideology of free competition and divided industries into different categories for differentiated management In addition, petroleum market encountered structural changes as well. There were inducements and chances everywhere in petroleum market whether for horizontal competition or vertical trade, for suppliers or product distribution routes. Thus, the authority should be active in establishing fair game rules. From the time the Fair Trade Law came into effect, it has encountered many complicated petroleum liberalization problems. The Fair Trade Law aimed at preventing all kinds of business relating unfair and Restrains of competition. Major subjects of debate on petroleum market include those relating to conditions in contracts (such as contracts of disputable petroleum supply, franchise organization, joint venture, joint petroleum purchase, and exclusive trade); price behaviors (such as behaviors of disputable price cartel, limiting resale price, improper deceptive pricing, and improper pricing due to abusing market power); promotion (such as deceptive promotion advertisements, distributing of overbalanced promotion gifts, and unfair promotion relating to market failure); labeling and surface features of petroleum products (such as copying trademarks of other people's, deceptive labeling, and other deception behaviors). More, since the market of aerial use fuel has its specialties regionally and administratively, it is differentiated from the market of vehicle use fuel and could be considered as an independent market. Related subjects of debates include obstructing other enterprises from entering market, differential treatment behaviors, and utilization of essencial facilities Above subjects are all worthy discussion in terms of law enforcement The basis of administrative punishment of the Fair Trade Commission, for example, should be reviewed to see if it is appropriate.

並列關鍵字

liberalization of petroleum products ； petroleum Market ； Petroleum Administration Law ； Fair Trade Law ； Restrains of competition ； unfair competition ； GWB ； UWG