消費者債務清理之清算免責制度：以信用卡債務為中心

本文就消費者債務清理之清算免責制度，從分析實務裁判出發，探討解釋論上合於立法者意旨之解釋方向及可能性，並思考在立法上有無修正必要性，以減少適用上之不明確性。消費者債務清理制度應置於消費者保護之整體法制度下予以思考及定位，在對於發行信用卡者如未有適當有效之法律上限制以保護消費者時，則在後階段之債務清理免責程序時，法院必須綜合判斷，信用卡債權人是否已審慎地提供信用借款並無浮濫或引誘情事，而債務人是否具有誠信並無濫用債務清理免責制度之惡意，始能平衡兼顧債務人、債權人之利益，及社會、經濟健全發展之公益。消費者債務清理之清算程序，係以免責之結果為原則，因此，關於不免責事由應予以嚴格解釋，但可考慮擴增不免責債務之種類，不過，新增之不免責債務亦必須與其他各款不免責債務具有體系及價值上相當性。

關鍵字

消費者債務清理；清算程序；免責裁定；不免責事由；不免責債務；誠信；浪費行為；奢侈

並列摘要

This Article discusses the discharge of debtors through liquidation according to the consumer insolvency act. In order to reduce uncertainty when the act is applied, the interpretation corresponding to the intention of legislators should be first investigated and the necessity of ammending legislation by analyzing practical cases should be considered as well. The consumer insolvency system should be considered and positioned under the direction of the Consumer Protection system. When the law does not provide appropriate and effective restrictions to those institutes which issue credit cards, while also protecting sonsumers in the later stage of liquidation, the court has to determine whether or not the loans were provided without floating interest rates or incertives, and whether or not the debtor acted in good faith without intending to abuse the insolvency system. According to the consideration mentioned above, the debtors' and creditors' interests can be balanced with the benefit of social and economic development. Discharge is the principle of liquidation in consumer insolvency law. Therefore, situations in which debtors are not discharged, should be strictly constrained.