2011年憲法發展回顧

本文以2011年所作成的司法院解釋、與憲法密切相關的法律變動，以及重要的憲政事件等為線索，觀察並評析憲法發展情形。關於司法院解釋部分，本文認為整體觀之，呈現出以下特色：解釋標的欠缺政府組織部分、延續解釋文主文化之風格、統一解釋與解釋標的之合憲性審查關係略有突破、確立法官不得就判例聲請釋憲之見解、人民聲請釋憲程序有個案化審查之隱約趨勢。個別解釋部分，本文尤著重於釋字684、685、686、687、689、690等號解釋之評介。2011年與憲法密切相關的法律變動，最值得記錄的是法官法的制定。至於憲政大事部分，本文敘述並探討建國百年慶典活動所引發之爭議，以及二合一選舉問題。

關鍵字

司法院解釋；法官法；人民聲請釋憲；法官聲請釋憲；憲法解釋；統一解釋

並列摘要

This article observes and analyzes the constitutional development based on the Judicial Yuan Interpretations made in 2011, on the legislative acts highly related to the constitutional law and on the significant constitutional events. This article argues that on the whole the Judicial Yuan Interpretations have the following features: lack of objects of the constitutional interpretation relating to the governmental structure; the continuing judgement-order-like style of the holdings Judicial Yuan Interpretations; a little breakthrough relating to the constitutional review of the objects of unified interpretations; the consolidation of the opinion that judges cannot petition for constitutional interpretation of precedents; the subtle tendency that the Constitutional Court reviews an individual case in petitions for constitutional interpretation by people. As regards the individual Judicial Yuan Interpretations, this article focuses especially on Interpretation Nos. 684, 685, 686, 687, 689 and 690. As to the legislative acts highly related to the constitutional law in 2011, the enactment of the Judges Act is most worth recording. As to the significant constitutional events, this article narrates and discusses the controversies surrounding the centennial celebrating activities and the combination of the election of president and vice president and that of legislators.