由德國性犯罪條文修正之觀察探析妨害性自主罪的理論基礎

From the Reform of German Criminal Law to Analyze the Theoretical Basis of the Sex Crime

廖宜寧(I-Ning Liao)

《臺大法學論叢》 49卷2期 (2020/06) Pp. 635-710

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.202006_49(2).0004

摘要

本文旨在分析妨害性自主罪的理論基礎，以德國2016年修法前後的學說討論為契機，指出在本罪章走向去強制化後，性自主概念將成為往後解釋適用時的關鍵構成要件，並論證以下命題：一、之所以能將性自主從一般自由領域獨立出來另作規範，其正當性乃是來自於主體概念本身要求的具體性與現實性；抽象的形式自由或模糊的性自主法益，都無法導出性自主規範的具體內容。二、性互動當中的個人自我決定特殊之處在於，性要素連結了外在社會脈絡當中的性道德與內在個人的人格性及自我認同，此種特質，導致法規範，尤其是作為典型強制法的刑法，在規制性互動的時候必須特別謹慎，一方面必須考量性互動的獨特性，提高規範上自我決定的門檻，另一方面也要小心過度強化某些性道德的風險。

關鍵字

強制 ； 違反意願 ； 自我決定 ； 性自主 ； 性道德

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the theoretical basis of sex crimes, and take the opportunity of the discussion before and after the reform of the criminal law in Germany in 2016. This paper points out that after the criminal law reform, which makes coercion means no longer a necessary condition for sexual crimes, the concept of sexual autonomy will become the key of the interpretation for sex crime in the future. The following thesis will also in the paper be substantiated. First, the legitimacy why sexual autonomy can be independent from the general free sphere to be regulated comes from the particularity and reality of the subject concept itself. It can't be justified by the abstract form of freedom; such a concept of subject is also unacceptable. Human, as subject, is a unity of form and substance. The individual person must realize his freedom or free life in reality. In assessing his or her self-determination, the specific conditions and the particular situation in which the decision is made should be considered together. Self-determination is a normative construct that assesses and distributes jurisdiction in criminal law. A concrete concept of self-determination must therefore be assumed in order to fulfill this dogmatic function. Second, the particularity of individual self-determination in sexual interaction is that sexual elements link the sexual ethics in the external social context with the personality and self-identity of the inner individual. Such traits lead to the requirement that the law (especially the criminal law as a typical jus cogen law) must be particularly cautious when legislating the rules of interpersonal sex interaction. On the one hand, it must consider the uniqueness of sexual interaction, raise the normative threshold of self-determination, and on the other hand it must be careful not to over-enhance the risk of certain sexual ethics.

並列關鍵字

coercion ； against the will ； self-determination ； sexual autonomy ； sexual ethics

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