身體組成與肥胖對健康之影響

肥胖是兒童及青少年目前嚴重的健康議題，肥胖易伴隨多種慢性疾病，身體組成的測量可以觀察身體的相關生長與疾病的狀態，臨床與研究上常運用各種測量方式以定義兒童及青少年肥胖。本文將探討身體組成、體位、睡眠、肥胖對健康的影響。研究指出，我國男性成人體重過重與肥胖盛行率為30.5%與19.2%，女性為21.3%與13.4%，在過去十年來男性肥胖盛行率比女性明顯上升，攝取過多的油脂量及不運動都是肥胖的主因。半個世紀以來，肥胖的盛行率大幅增加，而睡眠時數卻明顯減少，許多國家的研究支持睡眠時數減少會伴隨體重的增加，因此，在評估肥胖的相關危險因子時，除了要注意飲食與運動等因素外，仍應注意睡眠時數對肥胖的影響。對於健康促進的方法，首先應改變國人的飲食與用餐習慣，培養規律的運動與良好的睡眠品質，進而提升國人的健康。

關鍵字

運動；體重過重；體重過輕；體位；睡眠

並列摘要

Childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with many health problems. Measuring body composition allows medical professionals to assess body growth and the status of various diseases. Various measurement methods are available to clinical and research to define obesity in children and adolescents. Discussed the body composition, weight status, sleep, and obese to the influence of health. In Taiwan, the prevalence of being overweight and obesity are 30.5% and 19.2% in male, 21.3% and 13.4% in female, respectively. The increase in the obesity prevalence has been more profound in male than in female compared to prevalence 10 years ago. A high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle are responsible for increases in obesity. Over the past half century, the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically, while sleep duration has diminished. Several studies conducted in the West have suggested that short sleep duration is associated with increased body weight. Therefore, in addition to diet and exercise, sleep duration should be considered when evaluating risk factors for obesity. Therefore, to have a health promotion, the habit of diet and custom of dine should be change. Otherwise, regular exercise and good sleep quality are needed.