《莊子》內篇「知」的內涵探析

The analysis of cognitive intension for Inner Chapters of Chuang

林綉亭(Hsiu-Ting Lin)

《玄奘人文學報》 10期 (2010/07) Pp. 53-85

https://doi.org/10.29956/HCHJ.201007.0003

摘要

本文針對《莊子》內篇「知」的內泊探析，本文共分五章：壹、前言，說明研究動機，筆者閱讀《莊子》文本，注意《莊子》內七篇出現「知」字，共146次， 好奇其意義內涵為何，以為這是莊子生命哲學中重要論述，值得深入探究。貳、《莊子》內篇「知」的論述，就內七篇文本有關「知」的論述，分類整理，筆者共分六類，即無知之知、偏頗認知、心智之知、超越之知、不知之知、真知等不同內涵。參、《莊子》內篇「知」的層次之探討，借用現代心理學名詞詮釋解說莊子「知」的不同層次，屬於意識層面的「知」，歸納其特點有：從形體而來、主觀片段丹面、出於機心或誤用、這類認知準確性可靠性不高、借用聖人形象破除等特點；屬於無意識層面的「知」，歸納其特點有:因於個體生命經驗、顛倒混淆認知.、不明成官覺受情緒運作等特點；屬於超意識層面的「知」，歸納其特點有:超越名相、超越時空、超越主客等特點。肆、《莊子》內篇「知」的辨識與滿養提升，辨析莊子對「知」的看法，以及如何修正「知」的偏差，透過個人修持去成心、心齋、坐忘、照之於天等功夫提升「知」的涵養。伍、結論，莊子對人類「知」的活動與實際運作情形，經過長期細微觀察，深刻體會，對人類表淺意識、無意識層面的「知」有精闢論述，以為真知是不染成見。

關鍵字

莊子 ； 莊子內篇 ； 知的內涵 ； 知的層次

並列摘要

In this paper, it is divided into five chapters about the analysis of cognitive intension for Inner Chapters of Chuang Tzu. The first chapter is the introduction of the study of motivation. When I read the text of Chuang Tzu, I have observed that the word of ＂cognition＂ appears 146 times for the seventh of Inner Chapters of Chuang Tzu. I am very curious what its significant meaning is and I suppose that it is very important discourse of the philosophy in Chuang Tzu's life. Therefore, it's worth discussing and making a thorough inquiry. The second chapter refers to the discourse of ＂cognition＂ for the seventh of Inner Chapters of Chuang Tzu, it is classified six different categories and various connotations including knowledge out of ignorance, cognitive bias, mental knowledge, beyond the knowledge, different cognitive intension and truth. The third chapter is about the levels of Inner Chapters of Chuang Tzu and it explains the ＂cognitive＂ different levels by means of the modem psychology interpretation and it belongs to the consciousness level. From the individual, subjective cognition, one-sided fragment, or misapplying out of the movement, the above are cognitive level's features and the accuracy of such cognitive reliability is not 'high. Its cognitive unconscious aspect that includes the individual's limited life experience and reversing the cognition is obscured. Its cognition of super-conscious level has the following features including beyond the name-phase, time and beyond subject and object and son on. The fourth chapter will discuss the cognition and enhancement of conservation, the analysis of Chuang Tzu's cognitive views and how to modify the cognitive deviation through personal self-cultivation, mind tranquility and oblivion. The fifth chapter is conclusion. After long-term and careful observation, Chuang Tzu had profound experience and feeling for humans' cognitive activities and actual operation. Moreover, Chuang Tzu had deep understanding of human superficial consciousness and unconscious level. From Chuang Tzu's points of view, real cognition isn't dyed to see.

並列關鍵字

Chuang Tzu ； inner Chapters of Chuang Tzu ； cognitive intension ； cognitive level