機構高血壓老人預防跌倒行爲相關因素之探討

A Study of the Factors Correlated to Fall Prevention Behaviors of Institutionalized Elderly Adults with Hypertension

林淑芬(Shu-Fen Lin) ； 高毓秀(Yu-Hsiu Kao)

《健康促進與衛生教育學報》 29期 (2008/06) Pp. 99-117

https://doi.org/10.7022/JHPHE.200806.0099

摘要

目的：在了解機構高血壓老人預防跌倒行為與影響其行為之相關因素。研究設計：為橫斷式調查研究，隨機抽取台北縣市三家機構老人為研究對象，共108人。研究工具：為結構式問卷，包含個人基本資料、預防跌倒知識量表、預防跌倒健康信念量表、預防跌倒自我效能量表、預防跌倒社會支持量表、預防跌倒的資源、最近半年運動情形以及預防跌倒行為量表等部份。問卷資料以SPSS15.0統計軟體進行分析，採用次數、百分比、標準差、平均數、ANOVA、逐步多元迴歸等統計方法。
結果：(1)與預防跌倒行為有顯著相關的因素為跌倒次數、預防跌倒自我效能、預防跌倒之重要他人支持態度、預防跌倒資訊之獲得以及有固定運動行為；
(2)逐步多元迴歸結果發現重要他人支持態度、預防跌倒自我效能及最近半年運動情形為機構高血壓老人預防跌倒行為之預測因素，可解釋25.5%的變異量，其中以重要他人支持態度的解釋力最大。結論：機構高血壓老人預防跌倒行為之預測因子為預防跌倒自我效能、重要他人支持態度及最近半年運動情形。本研究結果，可做為未來健康促進計畫者研擬老人預防跌倒計畫的依據。

關鍵字

高血壓 ； 跌倒預防行為 ； 機構老人

並列摘要

This study is to understand the fall prevention behaviors of institutionalized elderly adults with hypertension and the relevant factors that influence such behaviors. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was designed with a total of 108 randomly selected elderly from three institutions in Taipei as the subjects. The study tools used were structured questionnaires including personal profiles and scales for the following: knowledge of fall prevention, health beliefs of fall prevention, self-efficacy for fall prevention, social support of important others for fall prevention and behaviors concerning fall prevention. Questionnaire data was analyzed with SPSS15.0 statistical software and several statistical methods including frequency, percentage, standard deviation, mean, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression.
The study findings indicate the following. (1) Markedly relevant factors for fall prevention behaviors are: frequency of falls, self-efficacy for fall prevention, support of important others for fall prevention, obtainment of information about fall prevention and regular exercise behaviors. (2) The results of stepwise multiple regression reveal that the support of important others for fall prevention, self-efficacy for fall prevention and exercise conditions in last six months are forecast factors for the fall prevention behaviors of institutionalized elderly adults. These can explain up to 25.5% of variance and among them, the support of important others for fall prevention has the greatest explanatory power(R square=.255, F=11.795, P＜.05).
Conclusion: Forecast factors for the fall prevention behaviors of institutionalized elderly adults are self-efficacy for fall prevention, the support of important others for fall prevention and exercise conditions in last six months. The findings of the study may be used as basis for health promotion planners in devising fall prevention plans for the elderly.

並列關鍵字

fall prevention behaviors ； institutionalized elderly adults ； hypertension

參考文獻

內政統計資訊服務網內政統計年報

邱寶萱(2003)。預防社區老人跌倒介入研究之前驅研究：城鄉之比較(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所。

林怡君、余豎文、張宏哲(2004)。新店地區機構和非機構老人憂鬱情形及相關因素之調查。台灣家醫誌。14(2)，81-93。

林茂榮、王夷暐(2004)。社區老人跌倒的危險因子與預防。台灣公共衛生雜誌。23(4)，259-271。

林碧珠(2004)。髖部骨折老人出院過度其主要照顧者照顧經驗之探討。新台北護理期刊。6(1)，57-66。