- 期刊
論敦煌佛傳經典之再造──從《佛本行集經》到《太子成道經》
On the Reinvention of the Dunhuang Buddhist Sutras From The Sutra of the Collection of the Past Activities of the Buddha to The Sutra of the Prince's Enlightenment
摘要
從現存敦煌變文《太子成道經》的題名，可見此一從佛傳經典《佛本行集經》轉化而來的文學作品被時人視為「經」，本文試圖詮釋此一變文「經典化」的可能發展路徑。文中認為佛傳經典藉由「略要」與「注釋」的方式，將長達60卷的《佛本行集經》轉化為六千餘字的「略要本」，如此則較易改編為變文。當佛傳經典轉化為變文後，時人又試圖提升變文之地位而稱「經」。在同樣以佛傳為題材的變文中，可見僧人在講述《破魔變》時自認是在「講經」，又有講述變文故事時自創一部《佛說如來八相成道經》，都呈現時人提高變文地位的企圖；而講述佛弟子目連的變文作品則在宋代確實成為一部新經典。《太子成道經》在敦煌有不稱「經」與稱「經」的二類寫本系統，流行於歸義軍時期。推測此變文本來不稱「經」，而是有意圖造經者將當時流行的佛傳變文冠以「經」名。由於隋代敦煌寫經中楹雅珍曾一度抄寫名為《太子成道（經）》的經典，但後世不見其內容，這一佚失內容的經題正與當時流行的太子成道變文內容相近，故人們便將變文冠上此一經題，又因敦煌寫經文化推波助瀾，便將變文視為經典反覆傳抄、廣為流行。
並列摘要
From the title of the existing Dunhuang BianWen of The Sutra of the Prince's Enlightenment, this literary work, which was transformed from The Sutra of the Collection of the Past Activities of the Buddha, was regarded as a "classic" by Dunhuang people in the Tang Dynasty, and this article attempts to explore the creation process of this "Pseudepigraphos." It is argued that the 60-volume Buddhist Sutras were transformed into a 6,000-word "summary" by means of "abstracts" and "commentaries," which could be easily adapted into the BianWen. When the Buddhist Sutras were transformed into Buddhist BianWen, the Dunhuang people in Tang Dynasty tried to elevate the status of the BianWen and called them "Sutras." There were also monks who considered themselves to be "preaching sutras" when recounting The Destruction of Mara Transformation, the sutra also based on the biography of the Buddha. In addition, The Sutra on the Eight Phases of the Buddha's Path to Enlightenment was created when people recounted the BianWen. This situation reflects the attempts to re-create the classics. In the Song Dynasty, the BianWen about Mulian, the Buddha's Senior Disciple, became a new classic of The Sutra of Mulian Saves His Mother From Hell. Therefore, this paper attempts to outline the development process of the BianWen of The Sutra of the Prince's Enlightenment from a Buddhist Sutras to a Pseudepigraphos as follows: The Sutra of the Collection of the Past Activities of the Buddha develops into abstract of "The Sutra," and then into Buddhist BianWen such as The Eight Phases of the Buddha's Path to Enlightenment and other works, and then into The Sutra of the Prince's Enlightenment. After the re-creation, the classic may become popular and by the culture of scripture-writing. It has led to the situation that The Sutra of the Prince's Enlightenment is regarded as one of the most admired sutras that has been copied and spread repeatedly, making it the most written work among all Buddhist BianWen in existence.