敦煌寫本S.5588文本補正及內容性質新探──兼論佛教勸善文到儒釋家教蒙書編撰的發展

S.5588號小冊子殘本，前賢擬題為《只為求因果》，或《求因果》，其性質不明，內容罕有探究；殘存十八頁，末頁紙厚而黝闇，文字不易辨認。自來錄文有闕誤，本文加以補全訂正。並通過格律與押韻分析，及與《紀遼東》調式比較，以為此歌辭調式當與《紀遼東》近似，而能搭配「七五七五七五七五」式曲調的不僅只有《紀遼東》。唐代佛教藉由倚聲作歌，宣揚佛理，「自利利他」、「隨緣度化」具體手法的靈活，頗有自由寬鬆轉化應用的特色。此歌辭性質與《道安法師勸善文讚》、《秀和尚勸善文》等相同，屬僧徒傳誦的勸善文一類。又此類為釋門用以教誡廣大信眾的藝文，傳播勸化對象為僧俗二眾，漸有儒釋兼施的發展趨向，甚至出現關注社會勸化及庶民家教，且有積極投入家教蒙書類編撰與講誦的展現，此現象極為特殊，具深切探究的意涵。

關鍵字

敦煌寫本；勸善文；家教；蒙書；儒釋相容

並列摘要

The Dunhuang manuscript S.5588 is a fragmentary brochure, which was labeled by previous scholars with a tentative title "Only for Seeking Cause and Effect," or "Seeking Cause and Effect." Its nature is unclear and its content is under studied. This manuscript has only 18 pages extant, and its final page looks dark and written on a thick paper. The characters are barely legible. This paper aims to offer supplementary notes on the transcription of this manuscript. By analyzing its rhythm and form, plus comparing with the rhythm of the Liaodong Chronicle, this paper suggests that its rhythm and form were similar to the latter, which is based on the form of seven-five and seven-five sentence forms. Therefore, it seems that in the Tang Dynasty, Buddhism created songs by leaning on sound for preaching its doctrines, which reflects its purpose of benefiting self and others and saving sentient beings based on their needs in the flexible ways, or by skillful means. The nature of this song is also similar to the Eulogy for Master Dao'an's Text for Admonishing people to do good and Monk Xiu's Text for Admonishing people to do good, which can be categorized into the group of Buddhist moral books. This category of the Buddhist books serves to admonish Buddhists, both monastic members and laypeople, so it gradually developed toward the direction of using both Confucian and Buddhist ideas, and even turned to social moral persuasion and family education for lower-class people. Then it made contribution to the compilation and recitation of family education primers, which is worth further investigation.