霧社水庫集水區治理計畫研究

Study on the Governing Plans in the Watershed of Wusheh Reservoir

鄧英慧(Ying-Hui Teng) ； 謝豪榮(Hao-Jung Sheih)

《坡地防災學報》 2卷1期 (2003/09) Pp. 45-62

https://doi.org/10.29995/JSHR.200309.0004

摘要

霧社水庫自民國44年12月大壩興建完工蓄水以來，至90年4月為止，水庫之累計淤積量已達62,884,939立方公尺，佔水庫初始容量150,000,000立方公尺之41.9%。目前淤砂已逐漸危及水庫發電營運安全，故為未雨綢繆，水庫內淤砂之清除作業應儘早展開，並對霧社水庫集水區治理進行研究。
依據歷年來水庫淤積測量資料，估算得水庫每年平均淤砂量高達約130萬立方公尺。泥砂沖蝕藉由模式的引用，尋找出霧社地區特有的地文、水文參數因子，藉由模式的推估，獲得未來可能產生的淤砂來源及淤積數量，對於影響水質中的污染因子，也可藉由模式的分析，以尋求出未來的解決之道。同時在水質污染控制對策方面，則引進最佳管理策略(BMPs)的概念，對於源頭控制、逕流處理及施工地區非結構性BMPs提出具體的建議，確立最佳管理作業準則。
計畫執行中分別就水庫淤砂進行採樣分析，結果發現水庫及庫區內淤砂主要的土壤質地為坋土。而由化學性質分析結果得知，土壤成份主要以二氧化矽及三氧化二鋁為主（合計佔76.45%）。另淤砂加工再利用方面，可藉由窯燒固結，產生可供作為建材或作為園藝、農業取代土壤介質的輕質骨材，或燒製成磚塊，供建築使用。在淤砂堆置方面，經由仁愛鄉公所協助，選取四地區之土地加以評估挑選，初步估計可供堆置淤砂之容積超過300萬立方公尺，其中以仁愛高農旁庫區及萬豐地區這兩處，較為適合優先開發使用。
在可行的清淤方案，包含確立第一期（為期10年）預計清除400萬立方公尺的清砂計畫，其中水力抽砂300萬立方公尺、陸面機械開挖100萬立方公尺。預計將可有效增加約400萬立方公尺的庫容。建議未來再視實際需要，進行第二期的清淤規劃。

關鍵字

霧社水庫 ； 集水區 ； 總淤積量 ； 清淤技術 ； 永續經營

並列摘要

The total sediment amount of Wusheh Reservoir had amounted to 62,884,939 cubic meters from December 1957 to April 2001.
At the present, although the sediment didn't endanger the operation of power generation, the clearance of the sediment inside the reservoir should be carried on as early as possible. The most important things for the project is the study of the management in the watershed of Wusheh Reservoir.
Based on the statistics data of the reservoir, the total sediment amount of the year average is up to 1,300,000 cubic meters. Attempt is made to search for the parameter factor of the mire sand washes the eclipse by the special model. We also know the source and quantity of sediment and find the pollutants by the same model. The BMPs concept used in water pollution control is very efficient. The unstructionary BMPs suggest the principal of the best management in control for the source and flow of the processing.
As a result of analysis of the sediment of the reservoir. We find the main physical properties is silt. By chemistry property analysis, the result of the soil ingredient are mainly with SiO2 and Al2O3 (Total 76.45%)。The sediment had been treated by two ways: one is for reused in structural lightweight aggregate concrete, and another is for heap placing. This study chooses two heap places from four areas suggested by the local government of Jen Ai village and these two places provide as heap to place the capacity over 3,000,000 cubic meters.
The plan of cleaning sediment is working out step by step. In the first ten years period, it will clean 4,000,000 cubic meters including hydraulic dig 3,000,000 cubic meters and mechanic dig 1,000,000 cubic meters. In order to increase the database of 4,000,000 cubic meters effectively, this study suggests the actual need carry on the sediment programming of second ten years.

並列關鍵字

Wusheh reservoir ； Watershed ； Total sediment amount ； Dredging techniques ； Sustainable management