政府財政收入中博彩業角色初探：以中國及澳門爲例

Gambling Plays the Role of Governmental Financial Incomes: Taking China and Macao for Examples

陳大鈞(Ta-Chun Chen)

《國立臺中技術學院通識教育學報》 1期 (2007/12) Pp. 69-77

https://doi.org/10.7051/JGE.200712.0069

摘要

博彩(gambling)為博得各種中彩機會的活動，按國際劃分，博彩業大體上分為彩票、賽馬、賭場等三個不同類型，三種類型雖不同但相互間又有所重疊，而博彩一詞首見於澳門政府1982年5月公佈之法令。西方國家及人民對博彩的熟悉度較高，業者的發展亦較成熟，東方國家在社會觀感中則呈現負面影響及正面效果並存的狀況，社會爭議仍大。世界上全面開放三種博彩類型的國家極少，全面禁止的國家也少，多數國家皆採部份開放態度，且多以彩票先行，賽馬次之，賭場最後的順序進行。
廿世紀末葉世界經濟、生產力的提升，政府政策與民眾之文化間對博彩雖仍一再的拉拒，但態度普遍都較開放，其中彩票、賽馬為社會福利集資能力超強，非其他方式可望項背，而經濟發達，社會多元的環境較能接受博彩活動，反之經濟落後，社會流動性低，傳統道德因素高對博彩活動較不接受，吊詭的是後者缺乏社會福利經費比前者更甚。

關鍵字

博彩 ； 賽馬提成率 ； 彩票稅

並列摘要

Gambling stands for any activity that gaining opportunity to win prizes. It can be classified into three models: lottery, hors-racing and casino. Although individual differences exist among three models, some similarities come with at the same time. The word 〝gambling〞 presented at the first time according to the law of Macao, which were published in May 1982. Western nations and citizens are much familiar to gambling industry, thus it results in mature development. In the eastern society, however, gambling generates both sides of negative and positive impacts. As the results, the arguments occur in the society enormously. Few countries allow three models of gambling and few limit those all at once in the world. Most countries open the market for some gambling models partly and in the sequences of lottery firstly, horseracing secondly and casino finally.
Due to the promotion of economics and production in late 20 century, people have open attitudes for gambling generally, even though it causes conflicts between governmental policies and civil cultures. Lottery and horseracing are able to raise funds for welfare at high percentages. In wealthy and multiple societies, gambling is acceptable easily; in contrast, it is difficult to be identified with those societies under the circumstances of backward economics, slow social mobility and high ethics. The latter are more lack of financial supports for developing welfare than the further.

並列關鍵字

gamble ； rematesy sorteos ； Commission Rates of horse racing

參考文獻

陳群林(1996)。福利彩票。中國社會出版社。

趙明宇(1999)。體育彩票理論與工作。中國體育彩票管理中心。

時正新(1998)。中國社會福利與社會進步報告。社會科學文獻出版社。

戈春源(2004)。賭博史。台北:華成圖書。

沈弘毅(1998)。美國賭博合法化之研究─以發展沿革、觀光賭場之管制及影響效果中心(碩士論文)。文化大學美國研究所。