魚油增補對運動員體能運動與運動表現的影響

本文綜評過去相關研究，試圖釐清魚油介入運動或訓練對運動員體能及運動表現的影響；俾提供運動員及一般人於運動健康管理方面的參考。三酸甘油脂明顯降低是魚油對生理主要的作用，已是研究與臨床應用上的共識。部份學者根據發現，推論魚油促進體能及運動表現的可能生理機制：（一）魚油藉n-3PUFA作用於紅血球細胞膜，減少磷脂雙層膜強度，提高紅血球變形率，降低血液凝滯性；（二）改變細胞誤脂肪酸比例，降低血液纖維蛋白原濃度。影響血脂質及抗凝血機制改善周邊組織循環，增加氧氣與營養運送功能，促進心血管效率以強化心肺耐力；（三）提供運動能源等。惟目前的實驗証據尚不足以証實以上推論；因此單純魚油對提昇心肺耐力與無氧動力均沒有幫助。對運動表現也沒有效果。故魚油介入運動與訓練應基於健康維護的目的；鼓勵多吃魚及濃縮魚油對運動員血脂質的改善是積極正向的，但與體能增補無關；惟建議攝取魚油同時，無論有無從事運動，皆需服用適量抗氧化劑以預防或減緩兩者引致氧化壓力之可能。

關鍵字

魚油；運動訓練；體能；運動表現

並列摘要

Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of fish rich in the two omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), decreases mortality from arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease This article reviews previous researches on the effect of fish oil supplementation, alone or in combination with exercise, on physical fitness and athletic performance Theoretically, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may work by two independent mechanisms changing red blood cell deformability improves performance by increasing tissue oxygenation due to reduced blood viscosity, possibly can altering the protein pattern of the plasma, possibly can altering the cell membrane composition and thereby increasing maximal cardiac output and the peripheral blood flow Whether fish oil can provide exercise energy is another issue We conclude that the results of past research do not support the hypothesis that endurance athletes can improve maximal aerobic power, anaerobic threshold, and performance by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation Moreover, we conclude that it is a myth that using fish oil supplements to improve fitness and performance has nothing to do with egogenic aids. However exercise and fish oil may cause an increase in oxidative stress, thus antioxidant supplementation is a possible strategy when taking fish oil.