太平洋戰爭時期上海文學場域與女性寫作－從《天地》說起，1943-1945

戰爭時期的客觀情勢與特殊氛圍，提供給女性作家較爲寬鬆的寫作空間，也讓女性作家透過文學寫作，介入公共議題，提出與主流論述不同的文化與性別意見。本研究即以太平洋戰爭時期由女性主編、以散文爲主的刊物《天地》（1943.10創刊，1945.6停刊，原則上爲月刊），討論此一特殊時期下的上海文學場域與女性寫作。《天地》由蘇青籌資、主編，以這分刊物爲園地，提倡女子寫作，討論男女日常問題，風格有別於當時其他散文刊物。除了編者的特意經營，作者的貢獻也不可抹滅。《天地》的作者雖然男性居多，但是，促使其特色明確者，卻是因爲爲之撰稿的幾位女作家，尤其是蘇青本人和張愛玲的散文作品。蘇、張二人是該時空下的標竿作家，其作品皆頗能以五四新女性以降傳統爲資源而又有所突破，並結合其戰爭與都市體驗、性別思考，藉著散文此一更爲優遊自由的文體，樹立新聲。

關鍵字

上海文學場域；天地；女性寫作；蘇青；張愛玲

並列摘要

The circumstances and distinct atmosphere evident during a war period provide female writers with more space for their thinking and writing, while also allowing these females an opportunity to use their literary creations to discuss and promote opinions about culture and gender which differ from mainstream discourse. Of course, these changes are always related to the literary field specific to a certain time and space. This paper discusses the literary field and female writing during the World War II Japanese occupation of Shanghai, and focuses on the essay-based and female-edited periodical, Tian-di (October 1943-June 1945), a monthly periodical. Tian-di was edited and funded by the female writer Su Qing. Su used this periodical as a base from which to promote female writing and discuss the everyday problems faced by both men and women. The unique style of the magazine was quite different from other essay-based periodicals at the time, and in addition to the editor the writers for the magazine also played an important role in the creation of this style. Although the majority of Tian-di's writers were male, it was made unique due to the female writers who published in it, especially Su Qing herself, and Eileen Chang. Su and Chang were benchmark writers within that time period and location, and their works utilized the resources of the May Fourth ”New Woman” tradition, but were able to criticize and make innovations to this tradition as well. At the same time, most of the works Su and Chang published in Tian-di were essays, a freer literary form, well suited to evincing female writers' thoughts about gender and the experiences of war and urban life.