俄國檔案中的留蘇學生蔣經國

Jiang Jingguo's Student Years in the Soviet Union as Reflected in the Russian Archives

余敏玲(Miin-Ling Yu)

《近代史研究所集刊》 29期 (1998/06) Pp. 103-130

https://doi.org/10.6353/BIMHAS.199806.0103

摘要

本文利用典藏在莫斯科的俄羅斯現代史文獻保管與研究中心的共產國際檔案，來探討蔣經國在蘇聯的求學生活。包括他的學習情形、感情生活、政治生活，特別是他父親清共之後，他在蘇聯如何自處的問題。同時也初次披露蔣經國與馮玉祥女兒馮弗能的戀情和他申請加入蘇聯共產黨候補黨員的會議討論。作者試圖用人的角度，而不是用完美無瑕的神聖領袖角度來看蔣經國留學時期，期能呈現出一個較真實的歷史面貌。
蔣經國在校認真求學，俄文學習或許不盡理想，思想上的進展則頗受其父肯定。此外，他積極參與各種政治活動，甚至一度成爲托洛斯基派。他在父親清共之後譴責其父爲革命「叛徒」，未必完全是迫於情勢而有的違心之論，很有可能也是受到了蔣介石勉勵他要致力於革命，加上蘇聯教育與交友的影響，使其日趨左傾而有的肺腑之言。由於蔣經國的留俄回憶錄與俄國檔案的記述出入之處甚多，本文進而討論他的留俄回憶錄爲何出現不同版本的問題。

關鍵字

蔣經國 ； 蔣介石 ； 中國國民黨 ； 中國共產黨 ； 共產國際 ； 留學

並列摘要

Based on the Comintern archives in the Russian Center for Preservation and the Study of Documents of Contemporary History (RTsKhIDNI) in Moscow, this article explores Jiang Jingguo's student years in the Soviet Union by focusing on his intellectual, romantic and political life. It is also the first study to reveal his relationship with Feng Funeng (Feng Yuxiang's daughter) and the meeting minutes of his application for candidate membership in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In a word, this study tries to present Jiang Jingguo as a human being, rather than as a flawless leader or a saint.
Jiang Jingguo was a serious student. His progress in Russian might not have met his father's expectations, but his father was very happy with his intellectual progress. Also, he actively participated in various political activities and even became a Trotskyist for a time. Considering his father's encouragement to devote himself to revolution as well as the influence of his Soviet education and his communist friends, I argue that his denouncement of his father after the purge in April 1927 very likely reflected his sentiments.
Compared with hang Jingguo's memoirs written after his return to China, the archives cannot sustain many of Jiang's statements. In this article I discuss the different versions of his memoirs and the possible reasons for the discrepancies.

並列關鍵字

Jiang Jingguo ； Jiang Jieshi ； Guomindang ； Chinese Communist Party ； Comintern ； Studying Abroad

參考文獻

Cline, Ray S.(1990)。我所知道的蔣經國。

Goldman, Wendy Z.(1993).Woman, the State ＆Revolution: Soviet Family Policy ＆Social Life,1917-1936.

Panteov, Alexander(1994).Form Student to Disssident: the Chinese Trotskyists in Soviet Russia (Part 2).Issues and Studies.30(4),59.

中國第二歷史檔案館(1992)。蔣介石年譜初稿。

毛毛(1993)。我的父親：鄧小平。