產、官合作下的殖民地經營－以日治前期鹿島組的在台活動為例（1899－1926）

日治時期除三井、三菱等特殊大型「政商」以及較為人關注的糖業資本之外，尚有許多值得重視的日資在台灣的各領域活動，部份在日本國內與官廳長期有合作關係者，更成為參與殖民地經營的要角。因為業者在日本國內的經驗與基礎，成為台灣總督府在台複製「殖產興業」的利器，可以清楚看到從上到下的「結構性移植」，鹿島組即是一例。鹿島組的來台發展，是殖民統治者的需求，也是鹿島組經營布局的需求。鹿島組掌握了「技術」、「時機」與「人脈」，而能來台參與重要的鐵路事業，在整備殖民地基礎建設或社會資本的形成扮演重要之角色，創造「殖民地經營」與「企業經營」雙贏的成果。就帝國的殖民經營、鹿島組的會社經營，或日本技術／人員／資本的海外擴張而言，皆有其深刻之意涵。此一時期國家政策的推展，深刻影響資本的動向。殖民地經營的產、官合作模式不僅止於土木事業，而是「結構性存在」於各個領域。此一結構在各個領域形成到運作方式的異同，值得做進一步的探究。

關鍵字

土木建商；鹿島組；鐵路；經營；資本

並列摘要

Major Japanese enterprises during the period of Japanese rule have received considerable attention, such as the politically-connected Mitsui, Mitsubishi, and sugar companies, but also worth examination are the activities of other enterprises in many fields that had longterm cooperation with the Japanese government and played an important role in the colonial management. With their bases in Japan, these enterprises became a means for the Governor-General of Taiwan to follow a ”production and industry” policy. Kazimakumi is a good example of this top-to-bottom transplant policy. Kazimakumi's development in Taiwan reflected both the hopes of the colonial ruler and also the needs of Kazimakumi's enterprise management. Kazimakumi was able to use its access to technology, the particular opportunity, and its connections to join the big railroad construction projects in Taiwan, play an important role in the construction of infrastructure or so-called social capital, and profit from the combination of colonial management and enterprise management. The implementation of national policy had a great impact on the movement of capital in this period. This article concludes that the pattern of cooperation between enterprises and colonial government not only existed in the field of civil engineering, but was a structural aspect of other fields as well.