客戶信用評等指標之建立－以電子業為例

金融海嘯期間，企業整體營運狀況、全球產業評等狀況以及國家法制狀況全面影響著信評機構對企業信用評等結果。台灣電子科技產業為目前最大宗的主要出口產業，其產值及重要性亦最大，對我國經濟影響具有很深且重要的地位。過去電子產業廠商為了降低電子產業廠商的呆帳風險及營運成本，往往透過金融機構所提供的客戶票信資料來評估客戶的信用狀況，然而，即使票信正常的公司並不代表客戶的信用狀況是良好的。本研究透過相關文獻的整理及信用評等機構所訂立的信評因素，並參考電子廠商現行內部客戶信評內容，進行電子產業廠商對客戶信用評等指標之建立。採用網絡級層分析法（ANP）來找出適用於客戶信用評等指標構面及其權重因子。研究結果發現「產業特性」構面不具影響性，而「財務構面」指標權重明顯大於「企業規模」，其中以「現金流量、獲利能力以及應收帳款週轉率」三項因子權重較大的關鍵因子。

關鍵字

信用評等；信評指標；網絡層級分析法

並列摘要

In the past, the electronic business made the research on its customers' credit situation through the financial institutions so as to decrease the risk of bad debt and the cost. However, even seemingly normal, the situation of bill and check exchange does not necessarily mean that the company's credit condition is really plausible. This research, on the bases of literature review and the factors used by the credit institutions to examine the customers, constructs the index for the electronic business to review its customers, taking the content of this enterprise's examination of its internal customers as an important reference. Analytic Network Process Method (ANP) is used to find the factors and dimensions for this index. The result of this research includes that ＂the characteristics of the industry＂ does not possess influence, while the ＂financial aspects＂ are apparently more influential than the ＂scale of the business.＂ Among these factors, the ＂cash flow, profitability, and assets turnover ratio＂ are the key points. This research suggests that the construction of the index for examining credit situation still has to include the scale of business, because the structure of the enterprise is also central to the examination.