爲什麼佛教可以融入中國而基督教不能？

Why Buddhism Could Melt into Chinese and the Christianity Not?

宋光宇(Kwang-Yu Sung)

《生命學報》 2期 (2007/12) Pp. 23-55

https://doi.org/10.6408/JLS.200712.0023

摘要

從基督徒的眼光來看，佛教和基督宗教各派，對中國來說，都是外來的宗教。基督宗教各派在十九世紀後半葉和二十世紀中，挾著船堅炮利、財大氣粗的優勢，進入中國，建立醫院、學校，企圖以這些醫院和學校爲基地，傳播上帝的福音“可是到了二十世紀末，檢視他們的發展狀況時，卻發現，天主教和新教各派的全體信徒人數只佔臺灣總人口的2.6%。可說是不成功的傳教事業。原因何在？本文把所關注的時間拉大，檢視先秦諸子如何注意到心念的訓練時，發現所有的先秦諸子只是大略的知道進入禪定狀態之後所觀察到的狀態，可是並不清楚如何才能讓一般人能夠達到「內聖外王」的境界。當佛教傳入後，有關禪法的經書最早被譯出來。從文化傳播的角度來說，正是在補強先秦諸子的不足之處。佛教是從「如何增進人與天的連繫」入手，然後再教中國人如何用儀式的辦法來超度。最後才是從事社會福利事業。而基督教、天主教只做了社會福利事業。兩相比較，就知道爲什麼佛教可以成功的融入中國，而基督教不能。

關鍵字

佛教 ； 禪法

並列摘要

In the eyes of Taiwan's Christianity, Buddhism is an exotic religion, as Catholic Church and Protestants do. In the late 19(superscript th) century and 20(superscript th) century, both Catholic Church and Protestants set up a lot of hospitals, elementary schools, middle schools, colleges, and universities in China and Taiwan, under the. shadow of guns of Western Powers. They wanted to spread the evangelical missions of God to Chinese and to convert them to be the Christianity. Now, in the beginning of 21(superscript th) century, we checking the result of Christian mission, found that only 5% population of Taiwan to be Christianity, as same as in Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Viet Nam. Why the Buddhist could conquer China? Catholic and Protestant could not? My answer was Buddhist providing the guide book of practicing meditation at the first of coming in the 2(superscript th) century. Since 4000 years ago, ancient Chinese knew the goal and result of meditation, but did not know how to practice the meditation step by step, even did not know the role of inner spirit. All of the philosophies in the Spring and Autumn knew how to look outside to watch the Cosmos, but they did not know how to look inner part of the mind and spirit. Buddhist's Anaapana is a good way to do meditation in order to look the inner part of the spirit. Thus, the Chinese accepted the teaching of the Buddhism. The Catholic and Protestant did nothing about the meditation for Chinese people, also did nothing in the ritual of welfare of passed persons. This was the reason why the Buddhist could conquer China and Protestant and Catholic not.

並列關鍵字

Buddhism ； meditation ； zen

參考文獻

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