模糊多評準決策最適區位之研究－以遊客住宿選擇爲例

本文主要是在模糊環境中，建構遊客住宿選擇模式之層級結構。所應用之決策模式係結合多評準決策中的層級分析法與模糊理論的概念，求解評估問題。首先參考文獻整理出評估準則，再針對風景區國際觀光旅館之遊客進行問卷訪查，篩選出3項準則，進而建構出遊客於風景區選擇住宿條件的評估模式。本文分別利用層級分析法決定因子權重，並經由模糊多評準演算法中三角形模糊數與語意變數兩個主要的觀念，作爲評估準則之「重要性」評估之用。藉由層級整合得出各方案之綜合評價，求解最適住宿旅館的優先順序。經由模糊多評準決策法整合決策者之綜合評價，從而建構出一套決策模式。由排序值可知遊客選擇風景區之國際觀光旅館住宿之優勢依序爲「海濱」、「湖畔」、「山岳」。本文以風景國際觀光旅館做爲遊客選擇住宿的對象，所提出之評估模式進行實證應用，以提供遊客在風景區國際觀光旅館住宿選擇之決策，並提供旅館業投資之參考。

關鍵字

國際觀光旅館；模糊多評準決策；語意變數；層級分析法

並列摘要

This research is mainly focused on the fuzzy environment to construct the hierarchy level of a tourist lodging choice model for the international tourism hotel. The fundamental concepts of this research include the fuzzy method, analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy set theory and multi-criteria decision-making method. This research firstly conducts the literature reviews to find out the appraisal criteria, and then the hierarchy level of tourist lodging choice model for the international tourism hotel. This paper applies AHP and fuzzy method to determine the weights of critical factors. The concepts of triangular fuzzy number and linguistic variables are used to assess the preference ratings of linguistic variables. Through the hierarchy integration, we obtain the final scores of alternatives. Then we rank the final scores for making decision. Combining fuzzy set theory and multi-criteria decision-making methods to conform the synthetic evaluation made by decision-makers, a set of decision model is deduced. By the results of sorting values, we know that the criteria of choosing an international tourism hotel at a scenic spot is in the following order: ”the seashore”, ”the lakeside”, and ”the mountain”. In this article, international tourism hotels are considered as the lodging choice for a tourist and the diagnosis application of the evaluation model we proposed here may provide a decision-making tool for a tourist in choosing international tourism hotel and infer to the hotel industry investment.