冒險治療之自然體驗團體對社會退縮青少年介入影響之研究

本研究目的為探討冒險治療之自然體驗團體對社會退縮青少年在「社交互動焦慮感」、「社會自尊」、「人際關係」上的立即與追蹤輔導效果及相關影響。本研究採「不等組前後測」之準實驗設計，實驗組與控制組各有六名社會退縮青少年，透過導師推荐及研究者面談篩選而得，實驗組再加入兩名正向成員，共同接受八週的「冒險治療之自然體驗團體方案」。評量工具為「社交互動焦慮量表」、「青少年自尊量表-社會自尊分量表」及「中學生人際關係量表」，對研究對象實施前測、後測、六週後的追蹤測。量化資料採用無母數統計考驗，瞭解團體對社會退縮青少年之輔導效果。並以團體紀錄表、成員回饋表及成員訪談紀錄做為質性輔佐資料。研究結果如下。一、量化資料結果：「冒險治療之自然體驗團體」對社會退縮青少年在減輕社交互動焦慮感、提昇社會自尊及增進人際關係方面不具有立即輔導效果，且不具有追蹤輔導效果。二、質性資料結果：成員社交互動焦慮感個別差異大；社會自尊呈正向成長；在人際關係上能與人合作、給予他人肯定；對團體整體感受反應正向，但在互動氣氛與幫助面向上則有個別差異。根據上述發現，本研究對實務工作者提出團體方案介入之建議，並對未來研究提出研究焦點與方法上的建議。

關鍵字

自然體驗；社會退縮；青少年；冒險治療

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the immediate and follow-up counseling effects of ＂nature experience group of adventure therapy＂ on social interaction anxiety, social self-esteem, and interpersonal relationship of social withdrawal adolescents. This study used quasi-experimental design. The subjects consisted of 12 social withdrawal adolescents. They were in Grade 7 students from two junior high schools from Changhua, and they met the social withdrawal description, that was why they recommend by teachers. The researcher interviewed screening to subjects also. Finally, the subjects were assigned to experiment group and control group; students in school A were the experiment group, and students in school B were the control group, which was consisted of 6 participants each group. Then the researcher added two positive members to the experimental group, which consisted of eight members. The experiment group was treated with 8 sessions of ＂nature experience group of adventure therapy＂ group counseling, once per week and each 90 minutes. Outcome measures were administered at pretest, post-test and 6-week follow-up test by: ＂Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS)＂, ＂Youth Self-Esteem Scale - social self-esteem subscale＂, and ＂Secondary School Students' Interpersonal Relationship Scale＂. The quantitative data was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test to understand the counseling effects of adventure therapy groups on social withdrawal adolescents. In addition, group records by the researcher, members' feedback through questionnaires and interviews were both used as the proofs and supplements of this research. Results are summarized below. 1. The ＂nature experience group of adventure therapy＂ had no immediate counseling effects on social withdrawal adolescents to reduce the social interaction anxiety, enhance social self-esteem and improve interpersonal relationship. 2. The ＂nature experience group of adventure therapy＂ had no follow-up counseling effects on social withdrawal adolescents to reduce the social interaction anxiety, enhance social self-esteem and improve interpersonal relationship. 3. In the qualitative data, members were very different in social interaction anxiety. In social self-esteem results, members had a positive performance trends. And members had some same and some different results in interpersonal relationship. They had positive performance in cooperation, but had individual differences in respect for differences, and in deal with conflict. Lastly, the majority of members were with positive attitude to the group experience; but they had individual differences in interactive atmosphere and helpful part. Overall, members had good evaluations about the program of adventure therapy group in this study. Based on these findings, the researcher proposed suggestions to practitioners about adventure therapy, natural experience of the group intervention program applied to social withdrawal adolescents. The researcher also proposed suggestions to the future research, including research focus and research methods.