登山者心理技能的發展與實踐之敘說探究

The Development and Practice of the Mountaineers' Psychological Skills: A Narrative Study

李曉蓉

《體驗教育學報》 11期 (2018/06) Pp. 107-139

摘要

登山者透過登山體會生命的真諦、實踐於生活；不同登山者從登山中獲得的體悟各異，本研究以質性敘說探究的方式進行深入訪談，找出登山者的心理技能，及其發展歷程、實踐於日常生活的樣態。研究發現，透過登山，生存姿態自被動、被控，轉為主動、領導、獨立、承擔責任、積極處事、考量他人、勇於挑戰。此外，登山也讓人發展自信與自我實現，珍視自己的能力、鼓起勇氣邁向自己所愛之事，更加活出自我、活在當下，並發展自我認同與自我要求。登山也讓人懂得設定目標並保持彈性、凡事求諸實行、生活中謹慎規劃、慣於檢討反思與尋求意義。最後，登山也幫助登山者面對信任、溝通、付出、親密、家庭認同的議題，在登山歷程中，體驗人際親密與疏離的游移。由於登山活動有許多與現實生活類似的情境，提供原生家庭矯正性經驗的重現，培養「主動」、「接納」、「反思」等心理技能，使得登山活動極富意義、受登山者喜愛。此實證研究可作為冒險治療、體驗教育、探索學習、面山教育的基礎，讓更多人願意走進山、了解山，也走進自己的心靈、與自己的生命經驗對話。

關鍵字

登山 ； 登山者 ； 心理技能 ； 敘說探究

並列摘要

Mountaineers find their own true essences of life during their mountaineerings. We tried to find the psychological skills of mountaineers, the process how them develop, and the appearances they practice the skills in the daily life. We use the qualitative, narrative study way to research them. After the study, we find: Mountaineers transfer their life attitude from passive to active. They turned to be independent, responsible, positive, considerate. Furthermore, they developed self-confidence, being self-actualize, courageous, cherishes his ability himself. They also know how to set goals, keep resilient, involve in practical experience, plan things cautiously, reflect meanings during reviews. At last, they experienced interpersonal intimate and interpersonal alienation in the hiking process, trying to face the issue about trust, communication, intimate, family identity. Because there are many similar situations between hiking and real life. People get corrective recapitulation of primary family group through hiking. They development ＂activity＂, ＂acceptance＂, and ＂reflection＂ three psychological skills. I hope people can be willing to go to hiking, understand mountains, come to their own spirits, talk to their own life experiences through this empirical research. It also provides a basis to adventure therapy, experiential education, and explorative learning.

並列關鍵字

mountaineering ； mountaineers ； psychological skills ； narrative study

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