身心功能障礙者服務需求之探討：學習、醫療、就業服務及照護體系－以彰化縣爲例

The Research of Welfare Needs for People with Disabilities: Learning, Medical, Employment and Care system-an Example of Changhua County, Taiwan

任麗華(Lillian Ren) ； 林堤塘(Ti-Tang Lin)

《復健諮商》 第2期 (2008/12) Pp. 29-48

https://doi.org/10.30123/RC.200812.0002

摘要

本研究爲了解身心功能障礙者對社會福利需求之內容、社會福利服務的使用情況等資料，以結構式問卷爲本研究測量工具，使用郵寄問卷法收集資料；並以文獻與次級資料分析法充實研究背景架構。本研究母群體計有52885人，依照身心功能障礙者類別，居住生活區域與年齡等三個變項進行三階段之多階段類聚抽樣(Multi-stage Cluster Sampling)後，抽出15000樣本，約佔母群體之28%，最後完成分析之有效問卷共有1722份，回收率爲11.48%，爲母群之3.26%。本研究發現身心功能障礙者社會福利需求如下：
1.學習需求：彰化縣0至6歲身心功能障礙兒童，不論家中經濟情況如何皆接受早療服務，然而接受縣內或縣外機構之早療服務卻仍與家中經濟情況有關，而在國民教育階段身心功能障礙者最大的需求服務是因生理障礙因素亟需有人協助並伴讀。
2.醫療需求：不同的障礙類別及障礙等級對就醫時所遇到的困難中以「交通不方便」、「沒人陪同就醫」最顯著，亦是最重要之服務需求。
3.就業服務需求：調查結果顯示與三年前比較沒有工作的身心功能障礙者增加3.5%，而已就業者的工作性質比三年前更多，另本研究發現77%的未就業者認爲不需要就業服務，因爲年老已退休或身體障礙無法工作等。
4.照護服務需求：不同的障礙類別在就養時所遇到顯著困難是「沒有錢聘照顧人員」、「不放心請人照顧」、「照顧者年紀大了，照顧有困難」、「家人有心照顧，但不知如何照顧」。
本研究並根據上述研究結果提出建議。

關鍵字

福利服務需求 ； 身心功能障礙 ； 多階段類聚抽樣

並列摘要

The aims of this study are to understand the needs of social welfare, the utilization of social welfare services among the disabled who live in Changhua, Taiwan. There were a total of 54216 disabled in Changhua, Taiwan. The measuring instruments include mail survey, literature review and second data analysis. The researcher set three variables; which are the types of disability, the region, and the age; for multi-stage cluster sampling strategy. Fifteen thousand samples were randomly chosen and this represents 28% of the total population for the disabled. The closed-ended questionnaires were sent to the samples and 1,722 valid returned questionnaires were analyzed. The returned rate is 11.48% and it represents 3.26% of the population. The findings of this study were as followed:
1. Learning needs: Children age between 0-6 year old living in Changhua; regardless of the family's economic situation; all received early intervention services. However, children received in-county or out-of-county early intervention services was related to family economic situation. To those who received compulsory education, their most critical learning need was that they need assistant in learning due to their severe physical disability.
2. Medical needs: To those who had different types and levels of disability, their two most difficulties for medical care were: ”inconvenient in transportation for medical treatment”, and ”no one to accompany when seeking medical treatment”. Their difficulties had become their needs.
3. Employment service needs: Compared with three years ago's data, the results showed that although the employment rate has decreased 3.5% among the disabled, they now had more job variety to choose. In addition, 77% of the unemployed respondents indicated that they did not need employment services either because they were too old to be employed or too severely disabled to be hired to work.
4. Long-term care needs: The difficulties that different types of disabled people encountered in long-term care services were ”no money to hire aids to care for themselves,” ”worried about the care quality provided by others”, ”the main caregiver was too old to provide care”, and ”family members were willing, but did not know how to provide care.” Some suggestions were given according to the results of the finding.

並列關鍵字

social service needs ； people with disability ； multi-stage cluster sampling