戰爭下的新移民－大陳人在臺灣的安置與輔導

New Immigrants under War-Dachen People's in Taiwan's Placement and Guidance

何政哲(Cheng-Che Ho)

《暨南史學》 10&11期 (2008/07) Pp. 147-196

https://doi.org/10.29890/HJCN.200807.0004

摘要

1950年代，國共隔著臺灣海峽持續對峙，面對中共的軍事威脅，身處最前線的東南沿海島嶼，隨時都有可能遭受共軍攻擊。民國42年(1953)7月韓戰逐漸平息，中共將軍隊集結浙江、福建與廣東沿海，準備集中力量處理臺灣問題，臺海間瀰漫著詭譎的氣氛。民國44年(1955)1月，中共攻下大陳島上方的一江山，取得地理上的優勢，大陳島的安危受到嚴重威脅。爲避免國共雙方進一步的衝突，美國勸國府放棄大陳地區的島嶼，集中軍力固守臺澎地區。國府基於現實與外在的壓力下，終於決定將大陳地區全體軍民撤退，原駐軍分防金門與馬祖兩地，民眾則移居臺灣，此爲史上著名之「大陳撤退」。國府在面對1萬8千餘名的大陳居民，如何妥善安置與處理，直接考驗政府的施政能力，在安置的過程中，究竟面臨何種挑戰，其配套措施是否完善，皆是本文探討之重點。

關鍵字

移民 ； 大陳撤退 ； 大陳人

並列摘要

During 1950's, KMT troops and communist troops constantly faced each other across the Taiwan Strait, those islands located in the battlefront along south-east coast, encountering the military threats from Chinese communist, might incur attack at any time by communist troops. In July of 1953, after Korea war gradually calmed down, the Chinese communists massed troops along the coasts of Zenjiang, Fujen, Kuandong, prepared to concentrate its power to deal with Taiwan issue, the Taiwan Strait was full of strange atmosphere. In January of 1955, Chinese communists captured the Ejunshan island of Dachen, thereby obtaining the geographical superiority over KMT troop, resulting in the serious threat to Dachen's security. To avoid further conflict between two troops, USA advised KMT government to abandon those islands of Dachen area, concentrating military power to defense Taiwan and Penhu areas. KMT government considered the pressures of real situation and foreign factors, determined to withdraw overall people and troop in Dachen, the troop were transferred into Kinmen and Machu to garrison the two islands, while the people was to immigrate to Taiwan, this is historically know as Dachen withdrawal. This directly examined KMT government’s administrative capability in terms of proper settlement and installment when facing over 18,000 residents of Dachen, the key study points of this article will be placed on such issues as the challenges that KMT encountered, and the perfection of associated approaches it adopted, during the process of settlement.

並列關鍵字

Migration ； Dachen Retreat ； Dachen people'

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