清代臺灣軍工廠的沒落

The Declination and Disappearance of Taiwan Warship Factories in the Qing Dynasty

李其霖(Chi-Lin Lee)

《暨南史學》 12期 (2009/07) Pp. 157-200

https://doi.org/10.29890/HJCN.200907.0004

摘要

水師戰船係海防的主要武器，清廷領有臺灣之前，並未設置戰船廠。荷蘭、鄭氏時期只有戰船修護廠，並沒有修造的船廠。荷蘭時期，雖在臺灣修護戰船，但木料需從國外進口。鄭氏王朝時期，因爲臺灣當時沒有造船設備，缺乏造船的技術人員，亦缺乏修造戰船的木料。可見在荷蘭時期及鄭氏王朝，在臺灣設置戰船廠的條件尚未成熟。清領臺灣之後，雍正三年(1725)於臺江外海設置「軍工道廠」，開啟了在臺灣修造水師戰船的新頁；道光五年(1825)又設置另一「軍工府廠」，是爲分修軍工道廠未修之戰船。這兩處水師戰船廠所製造的戰船皆是中式帆船，其修造的數量曾經是大清帝國最多的船廠。然而，臺灣的水師戰船廠因爲諸多原因，其重要性已慢慢退去。這之中最主要因素有五項，一爲木料載運困難、二爲修造官員的積弊、三爲制度與市場的落差、四爲港道淤塞、五爲其他。本文針對臺灣軍工戰船廠的沒落，甚至於裁廢原因進行探討，希冀從中了解帝國政府在水師政策方面的轉變。

關鍵字

清代 ； 臺灣 ； 臺灣水師戰船 ； 綠營

並列摘要

The warship was the main weapon for the coast defense. However, there was not any shipyard for wars set in Taiwan before the possession of the Qing Dynasty. There were only factories for warship reparation in the Holland and the Zhengs' periods.After the Qing government governed Taiwan, in the 3(superscript rd) year of Yongzheng reign (1725), they set a warship factory (軍工道廠) at the Fort Zeelandia. The establishment of this factory was a new start of history of the warship factory in Taiwan. In the 5(superscript th) year of the Daoguang reign (1825), there was another warship factory (軍工府廠) founded. The main mission of this factory was to help the other one repair warships.These two factories constructed a large quantity of China junks than others during the Qing Dynasty. However, as time went by, the warship factories in Taiwan gradually lost their importance.There were five reasons for the declination of warship factories in Taiwan: (1) The difficult transportation for woods. (2) The inefficiency and corruptions of officials. (3) The gap between military system and markets. (4) The silted harbors and waterways. (5) The others.This essay discusses why Taiwan's warship factories declined and were eventually abolished in order to fully understand changes of the Qing's warship policies.

並列關鍵字

Qing Dynasty ； Taiwan ； Taiwan warship factories

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