從《資治通鑑‧漢紀》看司馬光對《史記》的看法

The Perspectives of Si Ma Guang on Shi Ji according as Zi Zhi Tong Jian

王蕙芸(Huei-Yun Wang)

《暨南史學》 12期 (2009/07) Pp. 291-354

https://doi.org/10.29890/HJCN.200907.0007

摘要

司馬遷與司馬光對中國史學極具影響力。司馬遷不僅以《史紀》奠定了中國以人爲主的史書體例，更重要的事，司馬遷「太史公曰」將自己理念抒發其中，班固繼司馬遷撰寫《漢書》，中國正史書寫模式大抵完備。爾後欲瞭解中國史家中心思想便可藉由史書之評論，窺知一二。《資治通鑑》則是司馬光以編年體杜撰，參考大量史書與文獻，嚴格審視其資料來源，並將其思想透過「臣光曰」詳加闡述。本文將以「漢武紀事」爲界，試將二部史學巨作《史記》《資治通鑑》加以相比，並以班固《漢書》相輔，將三部史書對特定七則史事取材與陳述，以及將三者評論相比擬，以便清楚勾勒司馬光對特定史事之意見，並藉此了解二司馬的不同的史觀。

關鍵字

資治通鑑 ； 司馬光 ； 史紀 ； 司馬遷 ； 正統觀

並列摘要

Shi Ji written by Si Ma Qian and Zi Zhi Tong Jian written by Si Ma Guang both editors play significant roles in ancient Chinese historical science. The content in prior one highlighted individual influence. Conversely, the latter one emphasized the process of the events, and the impact of the event as well. Moreover, Zi Zhi Tong Jian embedded more legitimism and ethic position than Shi Ji. Furthermore, the two editors expressed their intellectual concepts through ”Tai Shi Goug Yue” and ”Chun Guang Yue”.In this thesis, I attempt not only to clarify the main political principle of Si Ma Guang but also to realize his philosophical idea for Chinese history. According to seven historical events which occurred before ”Monarch Han Wu,” I would draw a parallel between the two writings-Shi Ji and Zi Zhi Tong Jian. In addition to these two writings, I would make Han Shu as control group. Comparing the different style of narration between Shi Ji and Zi Zhi Tong Jian is one of way to comprehend their main ideas. There is another comparison to define their different political position with their comment.

並列關鍵字

Zi Zhi Tong Jian ； Si Ma Guang ； Shi Ji ； Si Ma Qian ； legitimism ； political position

參考文獻

宋司馬光(1966)。司馬溫公集。臺北:藝文。

宋司馬光(1987)。資治通鑑考異。上海:上海古籍。

宋司馬光、胡三省音注(1960)。資治通鑑。臺北:啟明書局。

明王夫之、楊家洛編(1973)。讀通鑑論。臺北:世界書局。

王民信(1976)。史記研究之資料與論文學引。臺北:學海出版社。