從《民抄董宦事實》看明末鄉宦與無賴集團之關係

The Relation between Local Officials and Gangs of Villains in Ming Dynasty

蔡惠琴(Tsai, Hui-chin)

《暨南史學》 19期 (2016/07) Pp. 51-102

摘要

明末江南一帶無賴集團盛行，如打行、窩訪等，這些無賴分子依附在劣紳之下，魚肉鄉里，而劣紳則以無賴為爪牙，謀取私利，兩者勾結，造成明末嚴重的社會問題。其中董其昌與無賴集團的關係是值得注意的，董其昌為明末書畫大家，在藝術上影響甚鉅，然其品德低下，家中豢養豪奴、打行等無賴為非作歹，百姓深受其害，終因強搶使女事件，演變為打搶董宅的民抄案。事後董其昌為避民抄之名，羅織生員，自此掀起三次審理風波。在審理過程中，董家以風聞之事指控生員，此與明末窩訪行徑如出一轍。以此觀之，則董家與打行、窩訪應有相當程度的關連，是以本文欲藉民抄案中董家與無賴的關係，突顯明末鄉宦與無賴集團勾結的一個面向。

關鍵字

打行 ； 打降 ； 窩訪 ； 董其昌 ； 豪奴 ； 鄉紳

並列摘要

At the end of Ming Dynasty, gangs of villains prevail, such as Da Hang(打行), Wuo Fang(窩訪). These gangsters were used by corrupted local officials. Both of them caused a serious social problem at the end of Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Wan Li(萬曆時期), there is the riot at Hua Tin(華亭) against Tung Chi Chang(董其昌), who is a famous artist yet corrupted as an official. He often instigated the gangsters and vicious servants he kept to do evil deeds. Unable to tolerate any longer, people finally rised against him. Later, Tung Chi Chang blamed some government officials for the riot so as to shun his own guilt. Three trials had been held for this case. Apparently, Tung Chi Chang had the relationship with Da Hang, Wuo Fang and the vicious servants. This study thus takes Tung Chi Chang as an example to investigate the relation between local officials and gangs of villains during that time, hopes to strengthen the research in this aspect.

並列關鍵字

Da Hang ； Da Chiang ； Wuo Fang ； Chinese Gentlemen ； Tung Chi Chang ； vicious servants

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