匹夫不知亡國恨？－1949年行都廣州的政治動員與民眾生活

1949年，中央政府機關疏遷至廣州，將這座城市作為行都，國民黨在危急存亡之際回到了昔日的「革命策源地」。與此同時，保衛廣州、提振革命策源地精神的論述隨之出現，各項宣傳與動員也漸次推動，期望凝聚民眾對黨國的向心力，將廣州打造成再次奮起的根據地。然而，在諸多黨政人士的眼中，廣州民眾對革命號召的反應消極，並且沉迷於煙賭與奢靡的物質生活，似乎表現出事不關己的心態，令他們感到失望。本研究以日常生活史的視角，觀察1949年行都廣州的各項官方動員、民眾的生活與對時局的理解，分析造成政府與民間意識落差的多樣化因素。在戰事迫近、經濟崩潰的交疊影響下，許多市民無法全心響應官方號召，政壇的紛亂也重挫了政府形象。而廣州人在長年動盪的氛圍下所產生的特殊政治態度，也使革命策源地論述難以完全浸透他們的內心。在時代的變局之下，執政者如何掌握民心，始終是一項難題。本文期望透過微觀的考察與分析，描繪政權鼎革之際的政府與民眾關係，思考其背後的意義。

關鍵字

廣州；國民革命策源地；政治動員；日常生活； 1949

並列摘要

After World War II, the National Government of China and Chinese Communist Party began a long-term conflict, the people in China faced a new difficult situation. In early 1949, the central government agencies evacuated from Nanjing to Guangzhou, a city which became a temporary capital of China. In KMT's history, Guangzhou is a cradleland of the National Revolution, so it was shaped to be a symbol of revolution and glorious war against Communist Party in this critical time, 1949. Government officials pronounced their declaration and started various political mobilization in Guangzhou, like paraded, organized self-defense group and used newspaper for propaganda, trying to arouse people's action and loyalty. However, many residents in Guangzhou reacted indifferently that made many officials felt disappointed and confused. This paper uses various kinds of newspaper in Guangzhou and Hong Kong, people's memoirs, diaries and records of government conference to present the political mobilization and people's life in this city, trying to analyze the difference between government's expectation and people's attitude toward chaos, and then thinking the meaning of this crucial moment.