支援產品設計人因評估之含人模虛擬場景建構與應用

Development and Application of Human-included Virtual Environment to Support Ergonomic Evaluation in Product Design

孫天龍(T. L. Sun) ； 陳振豪(J. H. Chen) ； 李佩珊(P. S. Lee) ； 馮文陽(W. Y. Feng) ； 趙金榮(C. J. Chao)

《人因工程學刊》 10卷2期 (2009/03) Pp. 75-84

https://doi.org/10.6273/JES.2009.10(2).08

摘要

台灣產業近年來逐漸從OEM經營模式轉型升級到ODM甚至OBM經營模式，產品設計對台灣的企業越來越重要，而以人爲本的考量是產品設計中很重要的一環，產品設計時除了考量功能外觀外，更需考量使用者操作之安全、便利與效率。雖然實體原型可輔助產品設計之評估，但實體原型造價昂貴、製作費時又無法即時修改，近年來，隨著3D數位內容軟硬體技術逐漸成熟，使用數位化的虛擬原型來進行產品設計之人因評估亦逐漸變得可行，但過去以含人模的虛擬場景進行產品設計人因評估的研究多半使用昂貴民複雜的人模系統如JACK等，再加上人模與場景物件之互動設定文很複雜，因此這方面的研究大多只能在學術界實驗室或大型研究單位中進行，一般企業特別是中小型企業往往無力負擔。爲降低虛擬產品人因評估之建構成本，提高企業使用意願，從而強化台灣產業之設計競爭能力，本研究提出以一般3D商業軟體來建構含人模之虛擬場景，並提出一系統化方式設計人模與虛擬場景物件互動之細節，首先討論在國際標準虛擬實境語言VRML架構下合人模之虛擬場景模型，並介紹如何可以派翠網(Petri Net)系統化地描述人模與物件間的互動關係。

關鍵字

虛擬實境 ； 虛擬人模 ； 產品設計 ； 人因評估

並列摘要

As Taiwan's manufacturing companies are shifting from OEM business type to ODM and OEM, product design becomes more and more important to Taiwan's manufacturing companies. To ensure product design could meet customer's requirements, human-related issues such as safety, convenience and efficiency have to taken into account. To support evaluation of human-related issues, prototypes are usually used. Although physical prototypes are useful in design evaluation, they suffer from drawbacks such as high construction cost, long develop time and unable to be modified in real-time. Virtual reality-based prototype, on the other hand, is promising to provide design evaluation with low cost, easy implementation and modification in real-time. Although many human-included VEs have been develop to support ergonomic evaluation of product design, most of previous researches employ high-end, expensive and complicated digital human model system like JACK. Moreover, programming the interactions between virtual human and virtual objects becomes a challenging task. Virtual ergonomic evaluation thus can only be afforded by academic research lab or large research institute. The industrial companies, especially SME's, are not willing to adopt the technology. To reduce the time and cost to construct a virtual prototype for ergonomic evaluation, this research develops a human-included virtual prototype using the commercial, off-the-shelf 3D software. In addition, a systematic way to program the interactions between virtual human and objects is proposed. Based on VRML modeling scheme, a conceptual VR model for a real-time driven, human-included virtual prototype is proposed. A Petri-Net based method is then proposed to systematically describe the interactions between the virtual human and the objects.

並列關鍵字

Virtual reality ； virtual human ； product design ； ergonomic evaluation