馬喬蓮及佛手柑精油吸入對人體生理參數之影響

The Effect of Sweet Marjoram and Bergamot Essential Oil Inhalation on Huamn Physiological Parameters

董志明(Chih-Ming Dong) ； 郭西魁(Xi-Kui Guo) ； 黃戊田(Wu-Tein Huang)

《休閒保健期刊》 20期 (2018/12) Pp. 77-99

摘要

本研究主要探討佛手柑(Citrus bergamia)及馬喬蓮(Origanum majorana L.) 精油吸入對健康年輕者生理參數之影響，並觀察複方精油是否具有協同作用。本研究的生理參數包括:血壓、心跳速率、心率變異 (heart rate variability, HRV)及腦波。實驗前先利用生理監測儀測量受測者的收縮壓、舒張壓、心跳速率；HRV 分析儀測量受測者心率變異參數，如低頻功率、高頻功率，常規化低頻功率、常規化高頻功率及低/高頻功率比及壓力指數；腦波儀檢測受測者腦波參數，如α、β、θ、δ 波、放鬆程度與專注程度。實驗分別以3%佛手柑精油、3%馬喬蓮精油及複方精油1.5%佛手柑精油加1.5%馬喬蓮精油，並以蒸餾水為控制組，經過20 分鐘後的噴霧吸入後，再測量血壓及心跳速率、心率變異參數及腦波。本研究實驗數據以單因子變異數分析(one way analysis of variance, one way ANOVA)比較控制組與3%佛手柑精油、3%馬喬蓮精油及1.5%佛手柑精油加1.5%馬喬蓮精油實驗前後生理參數、心率變異參數及腦波之差異。另外，以t-test比較複方精油1.5%佛手柑精油加1.5%馬喬蓮精油和3%佛手柑精油或3%馬喬蓮精油，實驗前後血壓及心跳速率、心率變異參數及腦波之差異，以了解複方精油是否有協同效果。經實驗結果顯示，無論單方精油或複方精油與控制組比較後，其對收縮壓、心跳速率及壓力指數皆有顯著的減少；在心率變異方面，3%馬喬蓮精油可增加高頻功率，3%佛手柑精油可增加高頻功率、常規化高頻功率，減少常規化低頻功率及低/高頻功率比，1.5%佛手柑精油加1.5%馬喬蓮精油可增加高頻功率，減少低/高頻功率比；在腦波方面，只有3%佛手柑精油增加α波及放鬆程度。另外，複方精油和單方精油比較，所有生理參數皆無顯著差異，代表複方精油並無協同作用。本研究證實佛手柑精油或馬喬蓮精油噴霧吸入，可能是透過增加副交感神經而降低收縮壓、心跳速或增加α波，而在健康年輕人達到紓壓的作用，但使用馬喬蓮加佛手柑複方精油對人體生理參數的影響，則並無協同作用。

關鍵字

芳香療法 ； 佛手柑精油 ； 馬喬蓮精油 ； 生理參數

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) and sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) essential oil on physiological parameters in young health individuals after inhalation. Furthermore, to observe if the blended essential oil has synergistic effect. The physiological parameters of the study including blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability(HRV) parameters , and electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Before the experiment, we used physiological monitor to measure the subject's systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, HRV analyzer to measure the subject's HRV parameters, such as low frequency power, high-frequency power, normalized low-frequency power, normalized high-frequency power and low / high-frequency power ratio and and pressure index (PSI). EEG Mind Band device was used to measure the subject's EEG signal, such as α, β, θ, δ wave, meditation and attention parameters. Forty participants were randomly allocated to four study groups including control group(distillation water), 3% bergamot essential oil, 3% sweet marjoram essential oil and the blended essential oil 1.5% bergamot plus 1.5% sweet marjoram essential oil. After inhalation for 20 minutes, we measured the subjects’ blood pressure, heart rate, HRV parameters and EEG signal again. One way analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) was used to compare the differences of blood pressure, heart rate, HRV parameters and EEG signal between pretest and posttest in the groups of 3% bergamot essential oil, 3% sweet marjoram essential oil and 1.5% bergamot plus 1.5 % sweet marjoram essential oil and the control group. In addition, t-test was used to compare 1.5 % bergamot essential oil plus 1.5 % sweet marjoram essential oil with 3 % bergamot essential oil or 3 % sweet marjoram essential oil . Thus, the differences of physiological parameters pretest and posttest can be observed if the blended essential oil has synergistic effect. The experimental results showed that no matter using single essential oil or blended essential oil to compare with control group, there are obvious decreases in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and PSI. In HRV parameters, 3% sweet marjoram essential oil induced an significant increase in high-frequency power, 3 % bergamot essential oil induced an increase in high-frequency power, normalized high-frequency power and a decrease in low frequency power, and low / high-frequency power ratio, and 1.5% bergamot plus 1.5 % sweet marjoram essential oil induced an increase in high-frequency power and a decrease in low / high-frequency power ratio. In EEG signal only 3% bergamot essential oil induced an increase in α wave, and meditation. However, comparing the blended essential oil with single essential oil, there was no significant difference in all physiological parameters. It means that there’s no good synergistic effect for releasing stress when the blended essential oil acted together. This study confirmed that inhalation with bergamot and sweet marjoram essential oil may act through increasing parasympathetic activity to decrease systolic blood pressure, heart rate or increasing α wave to cause a relief of stress in young health individuals, but there’s no good synergistic effect on human physiological parameters when the blended essential oil acted together.

並列關鍵字

Aromatherapy ； Bergamot essential oil ； Sweet marjoram essential oil ； Physiological parameters