六週高強度籃球專項訓練對青少年體能與技術表現及唾液免疫指標之影響

Effects of Six weeks Basketball Training Course on skill-related physical fitness and Performance and Salivary Immunoglobulin A in Male Athletes of Teenagers

李永祥(Yong-Hsiang Lee) ； 徐台閣(Tai-Ger Hsu) ； 何采容(Tsai-Jung Ho) ； 黃國欽(Huang,Kuo-Chin)

《興大體育學刊》 19期 (2020/01) Pp. 13-27

摘要

完善的訓練計劃對提升籃球專項體能及技術是目前教練及選手極為關注的課題。目的：本研究主要目的為探討六週高強度籃球專項訓練課程對青少年體能與技術表現，以及運動免疫監控指標唾液免疫蛋白A（s-IgA）之影響。方法：本研究採前實驗設計（pre-experimental design）中的單組前、後測設計（single-group pretest-posttest design）方法。以台北市某國中男子籃球代表隊10位選手為受試對象（平均年齡為13.6 ± 0.51歲，身高173.6 ± 4.11公分，體重64.4 ± 9.75公斤），進行為期六週的專項訓練計畫。訓練內容為一般基本動作訓練外，還包括在每週一、三、五日加入高強度籃球專項訓練。於第一週訓練前，第二週、第四週、第六週訓練後，測驗專項體能及技術的成績，並採集受試者唾液檢體進行s-IgA濃度進行分析。結果：本研究發現在六週訓練後，專項技術全場運球過障礙上籃有明顯的進步（p＜.05）。唾液免疫指標s-IgA水準在第一週訓練後會顯著急速下降，第二、四及六週後會漸漸上升，但仍低於訓練計劃前的水準。結論：包含高強度間歇訓練在內的籃球訓練計劃，可提升專項技術的表現。在高強度的訓練課程第二週會開始出現唾液s-IgA濃度下降情形，表示免疫功能正在減弱，容易造成上呼吸道感染。因此，此時段需特別注意選手訓練量，以防止免疫功能低下之現象。

關鍵字

間歇訓練 ； 專項體能 ； 免疫監控

並列摘要

Basketball is one of the world's most popular sport. It is very important for coaches and athletes how to promote basketball fitness and skill. Interval training is a useful method to efficiently improve physical fitness. Purpose: the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined basketball training course on skill-related physical fitness and performance as well as salivary immunoglobulin A of male athletes in teenagers after six weeks. Methods: There were ten subjects (average age: 13.6 ± 0.51 yrs, height: 173.6 ± 4.11 cm, weight: 64.4 ± 9.75kg) to participate this study. The combined basketball training course, including basic skill practice and interval training carried out on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, was lasted six weeks. We tested the scores of physical performances which were four special skills and analyzed the level of immune monitoring s-IgA at first week before training, second, fourth and sixth week following training. Results: We found that skill performance was significantly improved after six weeks of the training program. The concentration of s-IgA was significantly reduced at first week after training and gradually increased at second, fourth and sixth week following training; however, the level of s-IgA was still lower at second, fourth and sixth week than the first week before training. Conclusion: when interval training was combined with routine basketball training, the physical and skill performance could be effectively improved. High intensity training was easy to result in the reduction of s-IgA concentration at the beginning of training program and enhance the risk of URTI. Therefore, it is important for the training program of athletes to prevent the immune function declined.

並列關鍵字

interval training ； special fitness ； immune monitoring

參考文獻

紀瑤璇、林信甫、鄭景峰、王順正 (2009)。應用心跳率控制指標於划船測功儀信效度之分析。體育學報，42 (2)，1-13。

Abdelkrim, N.Ben, ElFazaa, S., & ElAti, J. (2007). Time-motion analysis and physiological data of elite under-19-year-old basketball players during competition. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(2), 69–75.

Campisi, J., Leem, T. H., Greenwood, B. N., Hansen, M. K., Moraska, A., Higgins, K., …Fleshner, M. (2003). Habitual physical activity facilitates stress-induced HSP72 induction in brain, peripheral, and immune tissues. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 284(2), R520–R530.

Castagna, C., Abt, G., Manzi, V., Annino, G., Padua, E., & D’Ottavio, S. (2008). Effect of recovery mode on repeated sprint ability in young basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 22(3), 923–929.

Gleeson, M. (2007). Immune function in sport and exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 103(2), 693–9.