從利害關係人角度探討纜車對貓空觀光永續發展之影響

台灣經濟奇蹟，國民生活所得上升，因而假日遊憩需求也跟著大增。民國九十年政府實施週休二日以來，更改變了國民的生活型態，休閒觀光產業因此快速的發展。而位於台北市的貓空地區，也因為成立觀光茶園，加上國民觀光休閒需求大增，為當地帶來不少的經濟效益。然而，在遊客大量進入，所造成的觀光衝擊效益下，也帶來髒亂、垃圾、水土保持的破壞及生態破壞等等負面問題。台北市政府於民國九十三年以「永續發展」為指標，將貓空地區規畫朝向精緻農業及休閒觀光產業發展，並將指南宮發展成為觀光區，因此，才有後來貓空纜車的建設。貓空纜車自民國96年7月4日通車以來，營運首年搭乘人數就突破五百萬人次，超越原先預期。而通車一年多後因為T-16塔柱地基裸空而停運，頓時間貓空地區空蕩蕩。而貓纜最初以永續發展為目標，然而，貓纜停止營運後是否也代表當初的永續發展變成停止發展了呢？因而，本研究之目的為從不同利害關係人探討觀光永續發展，而先前之研究大多是以量化方式研究貓空纜車遊客面，較少研究從當地居民的角度去探討貓空纜車，本研究將從不同利害關係人身上去尋求解答。研究方法採用質性的個案研究法(Case Study)，而所要訪談的利害關係人有居民、茶農、茶商、業者、及地方人士，再使用觀光永續發展四大構面做比較主題分析法，並將利害關係人分類。研究發現，貓空纜車已經取代貓空原來的茶特色，而貓纜通駛後最大的受惠者為餐廳的業者，而茶商及茶農卻沒有明顯的改善，甚至是負面的。另外還發現觀光永續發展四大構面以外的政治干擾現象。

關鍵字

觀光永續發展；利害關係人；貓空纜車

並列摘要

With the economic growth in GDP, the life has become better and therefore the demand far tourism becomes growing steadily. Since the policy of 2-day off carried out in the 1990s, the life style in Taiwan has faced a dramatic change. One of the changes is the fast growing of tourism. Its positive effect is to fasten local development. However, with the growth of tourists, the negative impacts also appeared, such as dirty, huge trash, damage of water protection and disruption of ecology. As a result, Taipei City Council draws a picture which guides Maokong to a dedicated agriculture and leisure space based on the concept of Sustainable Tourism Development (STD). This project positions Zhinan Temple as an area of sightseeing spot. As a result, the cable car was later erected to satisfy the above objective. Since the cable car operated in 2007, the passengers have been numbered over five million people, which far more than the original expectation. However, with the suspension of cable car due to the basement of T16 tower was erased, Maokong suddenly became deserted. Looking back to the original vision is for everlasting development, therefore, will this suspension of cable car lead to another kind of fate? Based on the above backgrounds, this research tries to explore Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) from the perspective of stakeholders. In the literature, most of the research on Maokong focus on quantitative research, few explore issues from the perspective of stakeholders. Therefore, this research adopts a qualitative method using case study to uncover the answers from stakeholders, including inhabitants, farmers, merchandisers, restaurants and local people. The analysis is based on four dimensions of Sustainable Tourism Development (STD). The findings suggest that the cable car has replaced the image of Maokong tea. Among stakeholders, restaurants feel that they are the winners in this case. In contrast, merchandisers feel that they are the losers from the perspective of cable car operation. Besides, this research finds out another factor politics, which also influences the development of tourism.