立法委員單一選區兩票制之制度探討

本研究旨在探討我國國民大會2005年6月7日複決通過修正憲法增修條文，其中之立法委員自第七屆起從兩百二十五人減半為一百一十三人，並採單一選區兩票制選舉產生之相關問題。立法委員第七屆起一百一十三人，任期四年，連選得連任。自由地區直轄市、縣市七十三人，每縣市至少一人。自由地區平地原住民及山地原住民各三人。全國不分區及僑居國外國民共三十四人。區域立委席次依直轄市、縣市人口比例分配，按應選名額劃分同額選舉區選出。不分區及僑選立委依政黨名單投票選舉，由獲得百分之五以上政黨選舉票的政黨依得票比率選出，各政黨當選名單中，婦女不得低於二分之一。回顧過去五十年間，立法委員選舉制度所採行之「單記不可讓渡投票法」（或通稱「大選區」制），不但造成地方派系林立，黑金政治氾濫，賄選買票嚴重，立法委員提出之議題及其表現易走極端，而且影響立法院議事品質與效率。而第七屆立法委員改採單一選區兩票制後，有關選區劃分原則及其他重要部份之檢討包刮；一、目前選區規劃是否符合公平正義？二、單一選區兩票制是否符合台灣當前政治人文文化？三、檢討政黨門檻設置比例之規定，能否切合各政黨之發展？四、原住民選區仍維持複數選舉區，有無檢討改為單一選區之必要。本研究擬以務實的研究態度研究出成果，能提供相關單位參考。

關鍵字

單一選區兩票制；單記不可讓渡投票法；選區劃分原則；傑利蠑螈；單一選區兩票制之併立制聯立制

並列摘要

This study was designed to investigate the National Assembly of June 7, 2005 referendum to amend the constitution provisions of which legislators from the seventh starting halved from two hundred twenty-five people to one hundred and thirteen seats, and The issues related to the two-vote system adopt a single constituency elections. Lawmakers become one hundred and thirteen seats from seventh and four-year term, be re-elected. Free regions and municipalities, counties 73 seats, at least one per county. Free areas plain and mountain Aboriginal each three. A total of thirty-four at Not partition and Nationals living abroad and women no less than half. Regional legislators seats according to municipalities, counties proportion of the population distribution. Recalling the past 50 years, lawmakers adopted the electoral system of the ＂single non-transferable vote method in mind＂ was not only caused by local factions, money politics rampant, bribery serious ,legislator and performance issues, but also affect the quality and efficiency of Procedure of the Legislative Yuan. And after the seventh lawmakers shift to two-vote system of single constituency, the constituency division principles and other important part will contain: First, the current selection system meets the justice? Second, the two-vote system of single constituency meets Taiwan current political and culture? Third, review the political parties set the threshold ratio, to meet the development of the political parties? Fourth, aboriginal constituency remains complex, with or without a single constituency necessary to review the change. This study results will be a pragmatic attitude provide to relevant unit reference.