中國大陸法院公佈失信被執行人名單制度之研究

失信被執行人名單制度，系指被執行人具有履行能力而不履行生效法律文書確定的義務的六種情形，依法對其進行信用懲戒。中國大陸法院近年來如火如荼地進行公佈失信被執行人名單，除了保障債權人的合法權益外，最主要目的還是為了建立社會信用體系；不過，這樣的舉動嚴重侵害被執行人的名譽權與隱私權。換言之，在社會信用體系的公共利益維護與被執行人的人格權保障兩者之間，中國大陸選擇了前者。固然，社會信用體系的建立有助於推動社會交易的進行，促進市場經濟的發展；但是，被執行人的人格權保障也不能因此被犧牲。因此，法院向社會公開此類資訊時，必須依據法律規定，公佈的方式也必須符合正當法律程序，並基於比例原則，將對被執行人可能的不利影響降至最低，以保障被執行人基本的公民權利。

關鍵字

失信被執行人；被執行人名單；公開執行；資訊公開；信用懲戒

並列摘要

Dishonest debtor list system means the debtor has the ability to fulfill their obligations without effective legal papers of the six cases, according to its credit discipline. In recent years, courts in full swing for publication dishonest debtor list, in addition to protect the legitimate rights and interests of creditors, the main purpose is to establish a social credit system; however, such a move seriously infringed the debtor's right of reputation and privacy. In other words, between the maintenance and the right personality debtor protection in the public interest of a social credit system, China chose the former. Of course, the establishment of a social credit system will help promote social transactions, and promote development of market economy; however, the right to protection of personality of the person concerned can not therefore be sacrificed. Thus, when the Court to disclose such information to the public, must be based on the law, published way must also comply with due process of law, and based on the principle of proportionality, the debtor will minimize the possible adverse effects, in order to protect the debtor basic the civil rights.