行政訴訟法中的無效行政行為制度研究－基於中國大陸的理論與實踐視角

Research on the invalid administrative act in the administrative litigation law - based on the theory and practice in mainland China

劉肖潔(Xiao-Jie Liu) ； 林嘉美(Jia-Mei Lin)

《育達科大學報》 43期 (2016/10) Pp. 87-113

摘要

2014年中國大陸《行政訴訟法》的修改是其行政法學界乃至整個法學界都甚為關注的大事。此次修法，法律制度創新、法治智慧閃爍，得到了學界和實務界一致的認可，無效行政行為制度在司法中的真正確立更是其中的濃墨重彩之筆。《行政訴訟法》第75條規定“行政行為有實施主體不具有行政主體資格或者沒有依據等重大且明顯違法情形，原告申請確認行政行為無效的，人民法院判決確認無效＂。此規定模式在為司法機關提供了可操作性規則的同時，又提供了概括式的判斷標準。然而，其留給學界和實務界的諸多法律問題也是極多的。如無效行政行為制度是否適用所有的行政行為的類型，其適用的對象為何？在明確列舉的事由中，如何理解實施主體的概念以及該無效事由與被告的關係？沒有依據又該如何理解？依據之前是否有首碼詞？依據概括性的判斷標準，還有哪些事由應為行政行為的無效事由？行政協議是否適用於無效行政行為制度？這些問題都是為使該制度在司法中得到切實貫徹的重中之重。本文將試圖從解釋學的角度對這些問題進行探討以作出回答。

關鍵字

無效行政行為 ； 實施主體 ； 沒有依據 ； 重大且明顯違法

並列摘要

Modifications to 2014, China ＂,＂ administrative procedure law ＂is the administrative law circles and the law circles are very concerned about events in the rule of law. The revised law, innovation of legal system, the rule of wisdom flashing, the academic and practical circles consensus, invalid administrative act system in the administration of justice really established is the splendid pen. Provisions of Article 75 of the administrative litigation law ＂administrative acts of the implementation of the subject does not have the qualification of administrative subject or not on the basis of the significant and obvious illegal case plaintiff applies for confirmation of invalid administrative act, the people's Court confirmed invalid＂. This provisions of the model provides a clear operational rules for judicial organs at the same time, it provides a summary of the discretion of the judge standard. However, it is left to the academic and practical circles of the system in many legal issues are also many. For example, the ＂administrative litigation law＂ unified ＂administrative act＂ concept, but whether the invalid administrative act system is applicable to all types of administrative acts, the object of its application? How to understand the concept of the subject and the relationship between the subject and the defendant in a specific list of reasons? Not based on how to understand? Based on whether there is a prefix before? According to the general criteria of judgment, and what are the reasons for the administrative act of invalid causes? Is the administrative agreement applicable to the invalid administrative act system? These problems are the most important to make the system in judicial practice. This article will try to discuss these issues from the perspective of Hermeneutics in order to answer the questions.

並列關鍵字

invalid administrative acts ； the implementation of the main body ； no basis ； significant and obvious illegal

參考文獻

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