由道到術：西漢黃老政治思想的演變

黃老道家係戰國中期後產生的新政治思潮，自平民出身的漢高祖建政後七十年期間，中華帝國曾出現第一個盛世：「文景之治」。當時主政者所奉行的正是黃老道家政治理念。本文針對黃老道家影響時局的道論與政策，予以分別討論；另一方面，檢討《老子》思想傳播過程中，統治者刻意引用黃老道家為施政方針，因資鞏固政權，確認黃老學政治運作似將西漢宇宙生成論與延伸至人生與政治價值論，構成體用合一辯證關係。另一方面，文景之治結合當時的氣化論述，雜揉修身養生與領導統御為一體兩面，成功轉化老子之「道」為「轉俗成真」最高境界論與「無為而治」政治理想。

關鍵字

政治哲學；老子；黃老道家；道體；術用

並列摘要

In the middle of the Warring States Period' new political thoughts of Huang- Lao Taoism was well-used by the Emperors of West Han in their first seventy years. Especially, the first Chinese empire's golden age was occurred at the Wen-Jing' reign. Those in powers at that time pursued Huang-Lao political philosophy. In this article, the author focuses on Huang-Lao Taoism and its ontological impact to the political situation of epistemology and policy practices. On the other hand, he reviews Laozi' political thoughts spreading process and finds that Huang-Lao political leaders deliberately referenced it to governance, due to political consolidation of political regime, and confirmed Huang-Lao political operation's effectiveness. The West Han' universal generating theory enhances the value of life philosophy, unity with the dialectical relationship. When the Qi theory combined, Huang-Lao Taoist' philosophy hybridity cultivating Emperor's moral spiritual health and leadership skills as one of the two sides, contributing the successful transformation of the Laozi' Way as the highest level of life philosophy, and the political ideal of ＂Wu-wei＂.