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運用灰預測GM(1,1)探討新南向政策國家來臺旅客人數、停留天數、觀光外匯收入及飽和點

A Study of Using Grey Prediction GM(1, 1) in Forecasting Tourists, Length of Stay, Tourism Receipts and Maximum Capacity: A Case of New Southbound Policy's Countries

摘要


本研究使用GM(1,1)及改良式隔年、隔兩年、隔三年及隔四年的GM(1,1),預測新南向政策之國家來臺觀光旅客人數、停留天數、觀光外匯收入及未來發展,並以費爾哈斯特模型預測新南向政策三大區域來臺旅客人數及其整體觀光外匯收入的飽和點。5種預測方法中,以改良式隔年(奇數年)GM(1,1)預測結果最佳,平均絕對誤差為3.68%。而以費爾哈斯特模型預測新南向政策來臺旅客人數及外匯收入的飽和點,預測結果皆已達過飽和狀態。研究獲得的重要成果如下:灰預測GM(1,1)可精準預測旅客人數、停留天數及觀光外匯收入。以改良式隔年(奇數年)GM(1,1),預測新南向政策國家來臺旅客人數,未來皆有增長之趨勢,又以大洋洲區之紐西蘭及澳洲兩國增幅為最高。在新南向政策國家來臺旅客停留天數方面,以停留8~15日之長天期旅行團年增比率為最高。而以費爾哈斯特模型預測2019及2020年新南向政策國家來臺旅客人數飽和點,皆呈現飽和狀態;且預測新南向18國2019年來臺旅客之觀光外匯收入,呈現過飽和狀態,且會稍減少。盤點政府新南向政策之工作計畫,在來臺旅客人數方面,仍有改善之空間。最後,冀望透過研究結果,能提供旅遊業者、政府單位作為改善之依據,並為未來擬定觀光政策及相關策略之參考。

並列摘要


This research predicts the New Southbound Policy's countries of tourists, length of stay, and tourism receipts by using GM(1, 1) and other four kinds modified GM(1, 1), which are modified 1-years-period GM(1, 1) model, modified 2-years-period GM(1, 1) model, modified 3-years-period GM(1, 1) and modified 4-years-period GM(1, 1) model. Meanwhile, forecasting the maximum capacity of three major regions tourists and tourism receipts by using Verhulst method. Among these five methods, the result of modified 1-years-period GM(1, 1) by starting in odd years is the best, and the mean error is 3.68%. The Verhulst method indicates that the maximum capacity of tourists and tourism receipts have reached the peak. The major finding of this study are summarized as follows: First, GM(1, 1) prediction is precise in forecasting tourists, length of stay, and tourism receipts. Second, forecasting through the modified 1-years-period GM(1, 1) by starting in odd years. All countries of tourists most have a growing trend. Above of then, New Zealand and Australia have the highest growth rate. Third, regarding the length of stay. Tour group of staying 8-15 days has the highest increase in the future. Fourth, the Verhulst method indicates that the maximum capacity of tourists has reached saturation from 2019 to 2020. Finally, the Verhulst model displays the maximum capacity of tourism receipts will be a supersaturated state and negative growth in 2019. Therefore, there is room for improvement in the government's New Southbound Policy. Hoping the results of this study will provide the tourism industry and relevant government department as references for planning the tourism policy and related strategy.

參考文獻


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