Web2.0網站平台管理之法制議題研析－以網路實名制與揭露使用者身份資料爲中心

Discussion on the Legal Issues in web2.0 Phenomenon of "Real Name System" and "Disclosure of the Identity of Anonymous Users"

張乃文

《科技法律透析》 21卷6期 (2009/06) Pp. 42-60

https://doi.org/10.7062/STLR.200906.0042

摘要

Web2.0時代下的網際網路，民眾從單純的網路內容閱聽者，躍升爲網路內容的形成者，而網站平台所提供的多樣化服務，更進一步推升web2.0概念的普及運用；然另一方面，網路匿名參與的特性，使人容易逸脫於現實規範，而造成層出不窮的網路亂象。有鑑於此，各國亟欲制定法規範以維護網路秩序，主要作法有二二其一爲網路實名措施，此偏向事前防範層面，課予網站平台提供者必須於網路使用者加入會員時，確認其真實身份，並於使用者發表意見前，採取驗證本人的措施；其二則爲侵權事件發生後，爲了確認使用者真實身份，而課予網站平台提供者揭露使用者資料之協力義務，亦即於特定狀況中，其必須配合司法機關或利害關係人的要求，提供使用者的身份資料。然而上述兩種作法均會改變長期以來網路匿名參與之本質，亦對於匿名言論自由及隱私等基本人權產生限制，因此，無論是採行網路實名制，或是制定揭露匿名使用者之規範，皆須避免對言論自由及隱私權的不當侵害，本文將討論上述問題，並提出較爲完善可規範網路秩序之措施。

關鍵字

實名制 ； 匿名 ； 揭露 ； 個人資料 ； 程序保障

並列摘要

The web 2.0 phenomenon created a new rush towards social networking and changed people's internet participation behavior from subscribing to creating the contents. People can now express their opinions freely and share interesting things with others through various kinds of online services provided by the ISPs (internet service providers). Such activities make the web2.0 application becoming more prevalent. However, despite the positive side of web 2.0, the anonymity in the cyber space allows people using the internet without revealing their true identities. This would inevitably enhance the problems of irresponsible opinions and behavior, as well as cyber-bullying. In view of this, governments globally are adopting regulations to reduce and eliminate cyber risks. The two often adopted methods are as follows: One is the ”real-name system” which can be described as requiring people to register with their personal identifiable information before they can express themselves on the Internet. The other is requiring ISPs to cooperate and disclose the identity of the anonymous users if they had breached the law. However, both of the above methods would change the current anonymity status on the cyber space and might restrict the freedom of speech and even threaten users with privacy concerns. Both ”real-name system” and ”disclosure of the identity” should not be implemented without regarding to the freedom of speech and privacy. Therefore, this article will discuss these related issues and propose a suggestion to provide more integrated laws and policies to avoid cyber-bullying.

並列關鍵字

cyber-bullying ； real-name system ； anonymity ； disclosure ； due process right

參考文獻

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