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私部門無障礙網站法制推動衍生法律問題-以美國司法實務為例

The Regulatory Issues of Web Accessibility of Private Sectors: Limited on U.S. Judicial Cases

摘要


根據Visa發布「2015年Visa電子商務消費者調查 」,93%的臺灣消費者在過去12個月有網路購物經驗,顯示網路購物已是臺灣民眾習以為常、不可或缺的一部分。若網路與人類生活如此密不可分,那麼網路上形形色色資訊如何無礙地為多元族群所近用(access),包含身心障礙者以及感官功能退化之老年或年輕世代等,其網路資訊「知」的權利與課予私部門無障礙網站建置義務就相形重要。有關無障礙網站國際立法例以「聯合國身心障礙者公約」(UNCRPD)為主要參考規範,技術標準則參考「全球網際網路協會」(W3C)底下的「網路可及性倡議組織」(WAI),其所訂定之「無障礙網頁內容可及性指引2.0版」(WCAG2.0)內容。而國內公部門網站於2001年起,配合e化政府政策,已全面建置A+以上之無障礙網站技術標準。然而私部門則尚無相關規範。本文藉由歸納美國司法判決,其透過個案解釋美國身心障礙者法第三章,剖析私部門商業「網站」是否屬於無障礙公共設施(public accommodation),進而課予商業網站服務提供者建置無障礙網站義務,希冀提供國內無障礙網站法制借鏡,同時提升整體電子商務與行動商務之友善使用介面。

並列摘要


According to "2015 E-Commerce Consumers Research" issued by VISA, 93% of Taiwan consumers have shopped online during the past 12 months. It declares that E-commerce has been attached to people's daily life much. Since the Internet is so close to human activities that it's essential to made everyone, including the disable and sensitive functions deteriorated elderly or young, could access information online. That is to say, the right to know and obligation of private sectors to make it is relatively crucial today. Concerning the norms of web accessibility, United States Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) offers main legal framework, and Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) provides WCAG2.0 as technical standards. In Taiwan, going with 2001 e-government policy, public sectors are fully equipped with web accessibility of level A+; however, the private sectors, such as their commercial websites aren't obligated yet. The thesis inducts U.S. judicial cases as to Title III of American Disable Act (ADA) and how it regulates web accessibility of private entities. Hopefully, the thesis could raise concerns of web accessibility regulation and thus boost friendly user interface of E-commerce and mobile commerce.

並列關鍵字

UNCRPD W3C web accessibility ADA DOJ public accommodation

參考文獻


W3C, WCAG 2.0, http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/ (last visited Apr. 25, 2016).
<無障礙標章>,國家通訊傳播委員會無障礙網路空間服務網,http://handicap-free.nat.gov.tw/Ccessiblity(最後瀏覽日:2016/04/25)。
李姿瑩(2014)。網路無障礙消費者須知。消費者報導雜誌。401,13-15。
<聯合國身心障礙者公約>,內政部,http://www.moi.gov.tw/files/news_file/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E8%BA%AB%E5%BF%83%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99%E8%80%85%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2016/04/25)。
<身心障礙者權利公約施行法>,全國法規資料庫,http://law.moj.gov.tw/News/new_detail.aspx?id=107425 (最後瀏覽日:2016/04/25)。

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