社會變遷驅動創新法制研析

我國近年面臨許多人口與社會問題，包含少子化、人口老化與地方資源不足等，與日本地理人口發展趨勢類似。因應人口減少和勞動力不足的現象，日本於2014年開始以「地方創生」作為地方治理新模式，聚焦城鎮、人、工作三要素，制訂戰略目標，以資訊、人才、財政作為三大工具，帶動產官學合作與投資，活化地方事業。除了日本以外，各國面對城鄉發展差距、資源分布不均、人口老化之社會現象，也多有因應策略。例如歐盟從早期的LEADER計畫到近期的智慧城市戰略、英國的地方企業夥伴關係計畫等，亦多以地方政府或地方團體作為動員主體，建立地方特色；並輔以資通訊與AI科技，發展自動化，帶動區域與產業轉型。本文就參考日本地方創生政策及各國立法，綜整各國政府應對國內社經環境變動下的創新政策，以作為我國地方創生和社會變遷創新政策之參考。

關鍵字

地方創生；智慧城市；智慧社區；人口變遷

並列摘要

In recent years, Taiwan has faced many population and social problems, including aging population and insufficient local resources, which are similar to the development trend of Japanese geographical population. In response to the population decline and the shortage of labor, Regional Revitalization becomes a new model of local governance in 2014, focusing urban, human, work, and three tools including information, talents and finance. In addition to Japan, other countries also make strategies to face a social-economic problem, like the urban-rural development gap uneven resources distribution and the ageing population. With Information Technology, AI technology, and automation, the World drives industrial transformation. This article refers to Japan's Regional Revitalization Policies and countries' legislation. By comparing various innovation policies, this article will help Taiwan government shape the innovation policies in the future.