時間觀、自我控制與青少年偏差行為的關係

Relations Among Time Perspective, Self-Control, and Adolescent Deviant Behaviors

李嘉豐(Lei Ka Fong) ； 黃軍義(Jiun Yih Huang)

《青少年犯罪防治研究期刊》 11卷2期 (2020/01) Pp. 1-50

https://doi.org/10.29751/JRDP.202001_11(2).0001

摘要

Zimbardo提出時間觀理論，認為不同類型時間觀者有著不同的認知和行為模式，而時間觀對於青少年時期的發展與適應有著重要的意義。過去研究指出不同類型的時間觀對於風險行為、酗酒、藥物成癮等偏差行為具有影響，但對於時間觀如何影響青少年偏差行為形成的機制較少探討。本研究以一般化犯罪理論為基礎，探討時間觀對青少年偏差行為影響的機制。本研究假設，各類時間觀透過自我控制影響青少年偏差行為。本研究採取無記名自陳式問卷為調查工具，包括時間觀量表、自我控制量表、與青少年偏差行為量表。針對桃園、新竹、苗栗地區之高中（職）在學學生進行調查，得到有效樣本364位。研究結果發現：不同類型時間觀與低自我控制及偏差行為皆具有顯著關聯，其中過去負向型、現在享樂型、現在宿命型時間觀與低自我控制及偏差行為具有顯著正相關，而過去正向與未來型時間觀與低自我控制及偏差行為具有顯著負相關。低自我控制與偏差行為有關，且是過去負向、現在享樂、現在宿命與未來型時間觀與偏差行為間的完全中介變項，以及過去正向時間觀與偏差行為間的部分中介變項。最後，就本研究結果的理論意涵、實務應用、研究限制與後續研究方向提出討論。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 時間觀 ； 自我控制 ； 偏差行為

並列摘要

According to the time perspective theory proposed by Zimbardo, time perspectives involve varying perceptions and behaviors; additionally, time perspectives have significant implications for the personal development and adaptability of adolescents. Because the effects of time perspective on deviant behaviors such as risk taking, alcoholism, and drug addiction have been previously identified among teenagers, this study explored the mechanism of adolescent deviant behaviors based on the general theory of crime. We hypothesized that time perspectives influence adolescent deviant behaviors through self-control. An anonymous self-report questionnaire was adopted to measure time perspective, self-control, and adolescent deviance. A total of 364 valid samples were collected from existing high school and vocational high school students from Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Miaoli in Taiwan. The results revealed that different time perspectives and low self-control were significantly related to deviant behaviors. Specifically, the time perspectives of past negativism, present hedonism, and present fatalism manifested positive correlations with deviant behaviors, whereas negative correlations were observed with past positive attitude, future-oriented attitude, and low self-control. In addition, low self-control was correlated to deviant behavior, specifically as a complete mediator of past negativism, present hedonism, present fatalism, and deviant behavior, and as a partial mediator of past positive attitude, future-oriented attitude, and deviant behavior. Lastly, related discussions on research implications, practical applications, research limitations, and future directions are addressed.

並列關鍵字

adolescent ； deviant behavior ； self-control ； time perspective