原漢族別、智力與國小學業成績關係之研究－以台東縣爲例

A Study the Relationship of Ethnicity, IQ and Academic Achievement of Elementary School Students-the Case of Taitung County

楊肅棟(David Yang)

《東台灣研究》 2期 (1997/12) Pp. 197-216

https://doi.org/10.6275/JETS.2.197-216.1997

摘要

許多研究指出，原住民的學業成就不如其漢人同儕，在智力的比較上，早期的研究也有類似的發現，然而許多得自語文智力測驗的發現，難免會有文化偏差。原住民學業成就偏低的原因，當前學者大多從社會學的角度進行解釋。但除了社會學的「外在因素」，如社經地位、學校、社區環境等變項外，個體的「內在因素」，如智力，亦不可忽略。本研究蒐集台東縣兩所學校三到六年級原漢兒童的「非語文智力」及「父母親受教育年數」，並據以預測兒童的國語、數學成就，本文共有幾點發現：
1.原住民無論國語、數學，其成績皆較顯著比漢人爲低，平均成績分別差距達16及9分之多，合計25分。
2.原住民的智力在CPM、SPM測驗的百分等級上與漢人並無顯著差異。
3.預測台東縣學生數學成績的主要因素爲族別與智力，兩因素對數學成績的解釋力爲33%，是影響數學成績高低的重要因素；不過對國語科的解釋力只有13%。父母親教育程度對數學、國語成績影響力並不顯著，並非造成原住民數學國語成績較低落的主要原因。
4.原住民父母親教育程度顯著低於漢人父母，父母教育年數合計低4年以上。
5.國語與數學成績與CPM、SPM測驗百分等級均有顯著正相關存在。

關鍵字

智力 ； 學業成就 ； 原住民教育 ； 族群

並列摘要

Many studies have found the Taiwan aboriginal students scored in academic achievement tests than Han students. Earlier IQ tests showed the similar discrepancy between Aboriginal and Han students, though the verbal IQ tests are criticized being cultural-biased.
To identify the causes of low academic achievement of Taiwan aboriginal students, many studies are conducted in sociology. Most of them were dealing with social variables, such as SES, school, and community surrounding, which are called ”outside factors”. The ”inside factor”, such as effect of IQ or motivation, are also very important but studied less often. So this study analysize effects of some factors, including parents' education, students' CPM., SPM. tests, on achievement tests of math and Chinese language. Totally 115 students were selected from third to sixth grade in three elementary school. There are five major findings in this study:
1. The aboriginal students score lower than Han students in math and Chinese language achievement tests, by 16 and 9 respectively.
2. No significant difference is found on CPM. and SPM. test scores between different ethnicity.
3. Ethnicity and IQ are two major factors influencing math and Chinese language achievement scores of elementary school students in Taitung County. These two factors explain 33% of variance in math and Chinese language achievement. The parents' education has no significant effect on math and Chinese language achievement test scores. So according to the data of this study, the SES is not the major factor causing the Taiwan aboriginal's lower academic achievement.
4. The educational attainment of aboriginal parents is significantly and the SPM. the Han parents'
5. The relationship between scores of math & Chinese language and the SPM. & CPM. is significantly positively correlated.

並列關鍵字

IQ ； academic achievement ； ethnicity ； aboriginal education