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紙與中世紀歐洲文明

Paper and the Medieval European Civilization

摘要


中世紀初期,歐洲曾面臨所謂黑暗時期,至十三世紀時,義、德兩國已能製造中國式的紙,由於方便、易製,不久各國均能自製,促成金屬活字印刷,使文字的記載更能普及,影響藝文與宗教的變革,成為歐洲日後首領世界文明之要素。本文從八世紀中國造紙法出境西傳,至十八世紀之間,紙文件及造紙術由伊斯蘭世界傳至基督教世界,對文化與文明的表現作扼要的陳述,其中歐洲的造紙方法與其進展的說明,為中國、日本等東方出版物所未見。

關鍵字

中世紀歐洲 造紙 歐洲紙史

並列摘要


In early Medieval Ages the european countries went into Dark Ages. Neverthless, Italy and Germany were able to make chinese-style papers in thirteenth century. Due go its simplicity, other countries soon followed. This leads to use of metal moving-type printing, makes the writing-recording more popular, trasforms their literary arts and religions, and finally promotes europe to the leader of world civilization.This paper discusses the dissemination of chinese paper-making techniques to the islamic and christain world during the period of eighth to eighteenth century and its impacts on their culure and civilization. Parts of the discussion on european paper-making techniques and its developments is first seen in the oriental (Chinese, Japanese, etc.,) publication.

參考文獻


陳大川〈怛羅斯之戰與撒馬爾罕紙〉,《中華科技史學會會刊》第八期,頁 1~12,2005年 1 月。
莫菲特(Moffeit)著《亞洲基督教史》,p.357,2000 年。
勞幹《論中國造紙術之原始》,後記中周法高意見,1948 年。
John S. G. Simmons, Permanence of Early European Hand-made Papers, Fibers & Textiles in Europe, March 2003. IPH Compress Book, vol 12, 2001。
法國沙百里(Jean Charbonnier)著《中國基督徒史》中文版,p.75,1998。

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