This article is devoted to explaining the state about wasan education and the popularization of mathematics education in the 19th century by introducing the important place of mathematics teaching and the important wasan teachers. Then, the paper will analyze important wason textbook, Sampo Shinsho, to understand the teaching materials and its structure. After that, the paper will explain the professionalization of mathematics in the 19th century by discussing the general situation of wasan education, the contemporaneous views on mathematics and the wasan teachers who taught mathematics as a kind of family business.