郭秋生tī《南音》內底ê台灣話文實踐佮困境對現代台語教育ê啟示

郭秋生在《南音》雜誌中的台灣話文實踐與困境對現代台語教育的啟示｜Kueh Tshiu-sing's Practice and Predicament of Taiwanese Literature in the Lâm-im (South Sound) Magazine and Its Enlightenment to Contemporary Taiwanese Education

邱偉欣(Khu, Uí-him)

《台灣學誌》 20期 (2021/04) Pp. 35-68

https://doi.org/10.6242/twnica.202104_(20).0002

摘要

1930年代ê台灣話文論戰是最近一百冬內底，台灣讀冊人之間頭擺為著台語寫作來鬥爭。《南音》雜誌是這場論戰ê戰場之一，雖然伊ê壽命真短，毋過郭秋生tī hit-tah有創〈臺灣話文嘗試欄〉，mā發表伊對án-tsuánn用漢字來寫台灣話文ê完整理論，伊koh進一步用實際ê創作來證明tsit款主張有路使。〈大耳的入港〉就是伊tī《南音》ê第一篇漢字台語小說ê創作。Tann，台語教科冊ê編寫to是用漢字為主，mā以台語漢字ê教學做台語讀寫ê目標；現時ê台語漢字選用佮郭秋生主張ê台語漢字用字原則phīng無差大碼。用漢字做媒介物是m是台語教育ê好法度就是tsit篇論文beh問佮回應ê問題。Tsit篇論文除了簡單介紹《南音》雜誌，koh beh用文本分析ê方式分拆郭秋生ê台語漢字使用原則，以及小說〈大耳的入港〉ê內容佮伊án-tsuánn實踐伊ê漢字用字原則。透過án-nê ê分拆，lán thang了解伊tī台語漢字ê書寫所tu著ê困難。後紲koh來kā郭秋生ê用字原則佮現代台語漢字選用ê法度做pi-phīng。透過án-nê ê pi-phīng，指出用台語漢字做媒介物袂是台語基礎教育ê好法。結論指出，現此時ê台語教育應該用羅馬字做教材ê主體，hōo學生有台語音韻智覺ê好底蒂，了後才來引tshuā in認bat台語漢字ê書寫。

關鍵字

郭秋生 ； 《南音》 ； 台灣話文 ； 漢字 ； 音韻智覺

並列摘要

1930年代的台灣話文論戰是最近一百年內，台灣知識分子之間首次為了台語寫作進行爭辯。《南音》雜誌是這場論戰的戰場之一，雖然壽命很短，不過郭秋生在其中創設了〈臺灣話文嘗試欄〉，並發表他對如何用漢字來書寫台灣話文的完整理論，更進一步地，他用實際創作來證明如此的主張是可以實踐的。〈大耳的入港〉便是他於《南音》中的第一篇漢字台語小說創作。目前台語教科書編寫都是採用漢字為主，也以台語漢字教學做為台語讀寫的目標；但當前台語漢字的選用與郭秋生主張的台語漢字用字原則並無明顯差異。使用漢字做媒介是否為台語教育的好方法便是這篇論文的提問以及回應。這篇論文除了簡單介紹《南音》雜誌，也採用文本分析的方式分析郭秋生的台語漢字使用原則，以及小說〈大耳的入港〉的內容與郭氏漢字用字原則的實踐。透過以上分析，了解郭氏在台語漢字書寫所遇到的困難。接著本文將郭秋生的用字原則和現代台語漢字選用標準做了比較。經由比較，指出用台語漢字做媒介不是台語基礎教育的好方法。結論指出，目前的台語教育應該用羅馬字做教材主體，使學生有台語音韻覺識的良好基礎之後，再來引導學生認識台語漢字書寫。｜The Taiwanese literary controversy in the 1930s was the first dispute amongst Taiwanese intellectuals on writing Taiwanese in the past 100 years. Though with a short lifespan, Lâm-im (South Sound) magazine was one of the main battlefields of this controversy. Kueh Tshiu-sing (Kuo Chiu-sheng) created the ＂Taiwanese Literature Test Column＂ in it and published his complete principles of the use of Han characters in Taiwanese literature. Furthermore, he proved that his principles can be put into practice by writing his first Taiwanese novel, ＂Tuā Hīnn ê Jip Kang＂ (The Big Ear Enters the Harbor). Nowadays, textbooks for Taiwanese education are mainly based on Han characters, which are taken as the main carriers of Taiwanese reading and writing. However, there is little difference between the selection of Han characters in current Taiwanese writing and the principles proposed by Kueh. The main question brought up in this paper is whether using Han characters as a medium is a good way for teaching Taiwanese or not. After a brief introduction of the Lâm-im magazine, this paper analyzes Kueh's principles of using Han characters in Taiwanese literature through text analysis, as well as how he practiced his principles in his novel ＂Tuā Hīnn ê Jip Kang＂. Through this, we can understand the difficulties he encountered in writing Taiwanese. After a further comparison of Kueh's principle of using Han characters and the selection of Han characters in modern Taiwanese, it is pointed out that Han characters may not be good medium in teaching Taiwanese. This article concludes that Roman letters instead should be used as the main medium to teach orthography in current Taiwanese textbooks, and only after students have a good foundation of phonological awareness, it is appropriate to have them learn Han characters for Taiwanese reading and writing.

並列關鍵字

郭秋生 ； 《南音》 ； 台灣話文 ； 漢字 ； 音韻覺識｜Kueh Tshiu-sing (Kuo Chiu-sheng) ； Lâm-im (South Sound) ； Taiwanese ； Han characters ； phonological awareness

參考文獻

李如龍，1995，〈論閩南方言的文白異讀〉，《中國語文研究》，第 11 期，頁 15-36。[Li, Ru-long. (1995). On the Literary and Colloquial Reading of Southern Min. Studies in Chinese Linguistics, 11, 15-36.]

李姿倫，2008，〈台灣閩南語口語變調與韻律分界〉，國立臺灣師範大學臺灣文化及語言文學研究所碩士論文。[Lee, Tzu-lun. (2008). Tone Sandhi and Prosodic Phrasing in Taiwanese Southern Min Speech. Master’s thesis, Graduate Institute of Taiwan Culture, Languages and Literature, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.]

呂美親，2007，〈日本時代台語小說研究〉，國立清華大學臺灣文學研究所碩士論文。[Li, Bi-chhin. (2007). The Research on Fictions Written in Taiwanese during the Japanese Ruling Period. Master’s thesis, Institute of Taiwan Literature, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.]

呂美親，2015，〈訓讀、模仿、創造——「台灣白話文」：論日本時代台灣近代文體的形成與樣貌〉，收錄於吳蘭梅主編，《賴和・台灣魂的迴盪——2014 彰化研究學術研討會論文集》，彰化：彰化縣文化局，頁 355-420。[Li, Bi-chhin. (2015). Kundoku, Imitation and Creation—“Taiwan Vernacular”: On the Formation and Appearance of Modern Taiwanese Style in the Japanese Era. In Lan-mei Wu (Ed), Lai He—Soul of Taiwan: Proceedings of the 2014 Symposium on Changhua Research (pp.355-420). Changhua: Changhua County Cultural Affairs Bureau.]

呂美親，2020，〈「言文『不』一致」的起點：重論張我軍〈新文學運動的意義〉及其時代〉，《台灣文學研究學報》，第 30 期，頁 141-187。[Li, Bi-chhin. (2020). The Starting Point of the Discrepancy between the Spoken and Written Language: Tiunn Ngóo-kun’s “The Significance of New Literature Movement” and that Epoch. Journal of Taiwan Literary Studies, 30, 141-187.]