我國憲法保障人民自由權之研究

Study on the Right to Freedom of Our Constitution Guarantees People

姚貴雄(Kuei-Hsiung Yao)

《中華科技大學學報》 64期 (2015/10) Pp. 145-163

摘要

我國憲法保障人民自由的基本權利，其內容可能隨著時代潮流變遷，社會價值觀念轉變而產生衝突爭議的情形，因而培養公民批判思考的能力。言論自由為人民之基本權利，國家應給予最大限度之維護，俾其實現自我、溝通意見、追求真理及監督各種政治或社會活動之功能得以發揮。惟為兼顧對個人名譽、隱私及公共利益之保護，法律尚非不得對言論自由依其傳播方式為合理之限制。「著作權」是智慧財產權的一種，所謂「智慧財產權」乃是指人類精神活動的成果而能產生財產上的價值，為了保護創作發明者的權益，就以法律創設的一種權利。身體自由又稱人身自由，意即人身不可侵犯權，即指人民非依法律不得侵犯。身體自由，實為人民一切自由之基礎，因身體若得不到自由，則人民其他自由更得不到保障。居住自由，其實就是人身自由的延伸，如果說我們的居所任人破門而入，還有什麼人身自由可言？所以說，人身自由必須附加居住自由。遷徙自由是現代文明國家的憲法和法律賦予每一個公民自由離開原居住地到別地（包括國內和國外）旅行、定居、就業的權利。居住和遷徙自由是公民人身自由的重要部分，是一項非常重要的基本人權。

關鍵字

言論自由 ； 著作自由 ； 身體自由 ； 居住自由 ； 遷徙自由

並列摘要

The constitution of the Republic of China guarantees the fundamental rights of people's freedom. The contents of the constitution may be generated with the trend of the times change, as well as the dispute and the conflict of the social values modify. Thus, the ability of civil critical thinking is cultivated. Freedom of speech is the fundamental right of the people. The government should give the citizens the maximum maintenance of function to serve their self-realization, communication advice, the pursuit of truth, and supervision of various political or social activities. However, taking into account the protection of personal reputation, privacy and public interest, there are still reasonable restrictions of the laws in concerning the mode of transmission for the freedom of speech. ＂Copyright＂ is a kind of intellectual property right. The so-called ＂intellectual property＂ is the result of the activities of the human spirit, which can produce the value of property. It is a right created by law in order to protect the benefit of creative inventors. Freedom of physical, also known as personal freedom, is the right of the inviolability of the person. In accordance with the law, people shall not be violated. Physical freedom, in reality, is the basis of all freedom of the people. If the body is not free, then the other freedom of the people cannot be guaranteed. Freedom of residence, in fact, is the extension of the personal freedom. If the residence was broken in, then what personal freedom can be possibly saved? Personal freedom, therefore, must be attached to freedom of residence. Freedom of migration in the fact is guaranteed and stipulated in every constitution all over the world. Freedom of migration is the constitution and the law of the modern civilized country. Every citizen is free and has the right to leave the original place of residence (including domestic and foreign) for travel, residence and employment. Freedom of residence and freedom of migration both are important parts of civil liberty, and serve as crucial basis of human rights.

並列關鍵字

Freedom of speech ； Freedom of work ； Freedom of physical ； Freedom of residence ； Freedom of migration