從民國初年兩位琵琶樂人看琵琶音樂的繼承與變遷

The Heritage and Transformation of Pipa Music in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: A Case Study of Two Pipa Musicians

劉芛華(Wei-Hua LIU)

《音樂研究》 36期 (2022/05) Pp. 95-143

https://doi.org/10.6244/JOMR.202205_(36).03

摘要

民國初年的兩位琵琶教師，王露、朱英，曾分別在蔡元培與蕭友梅所創立的北京大學「音樂研究會」與「國立音樂院」任教，琵琶從此開始進入正式音樂教育殿堂。兩位琵琶樂人在當時均創作不少琵琶樂曲，並對音樂思潮理論有所論述。本文試圖依據他們在兩所學校任教時期教授的樂曲內容、演出內容以及創作的作品，探究標題、結構、旋律、指法運用等，歸納出琵琶音樂在民國時期受中西音樂思潮衝擊影響下，作品與傳統樂譜之關係、作品與樂人發表之音樂思潮關係、樂曲記譜之改變等，論述兩位樂人為琵琶音樂帶來的傳承與新意。

關鍵字

民國時期 ； 琵琶 ； 王露 ； 朱英 ； 指法

並列摘要

Wang Lu and Zhu Ying, two pipa teachers in the early Republican Era, taught respectively in the Music Research Association of Peking University and the National Conservatory of Music founded by Cai Yuan-Pei and Xiao You-Mei. Their presence in the academy marks the beginning of formal education of pipa music. Both musicians composed pipa music and wrote treatises on the history and theory of Chinese music. Based upon the study on the content of their teaching, performance and original compositions, this paper analyzes the title, structure, melody, playing technique and investigates the relationships between their works and traditional musical scores, the co-relations between their compositions and western musical thoughts as well as the changes in the musical notation of pipa music. Based upon the above, the author examines the tradition they inherited and the transformation they introduced to pipa music.

並列關鍵字

Republican Era ； pipa ； Wang Lu ； Zhu Ying ； playing technique

參考文獻

王露編著、李榮聲執筆。《玉鶴軒琵琶譜選曲》。北京：人民音樂出版社，1991。【Wang, Lu, and Rong-Sheng Li, eds. Selected Pieces from the Pipa Scores of Yu He Xuan. Beijing: People’s Music Publishing House, 1991.】

朱英。〈祝音樂院成立歌〉。《音樂院院刊》第 1 期（1928）：1。【Zhu, Ying. “A Song to Celebrate the Establishment of Conservatory of Music.” Journal of the Conservatory of Music, no. 1 (1928): 1.】

朱英。〈樂曲：秋宮怨（琵琶譜）正調〉。《樂藝》第 4 期（1931 年 1 月）：9-14。【Zhu, Ying. “A Music Piece: Autumn Palace Sorrow (for pipa) in the Original Key.” Music Art, no. 4 (January 1931): 9-14.】

吳景略、吳文光。《虞山吳氏琴譜》。北京：東方出版社，2001。【Wu, Jing-Lüe, and Wen-Guang Wu. The Qin Music Repertoire of the Wu Family. Beijing: The Oriental Press, 2001.】

李芳園編。《南北派十三套大曲琵琶新譜》。卷下。抄本影本。1895。【Li, Fang-Yuan, ed. Thirteen New Pipa Daqu Scores of the Southern and the Northern Schools. Vol. 2. Facsimile Edition. 1895.】